An extension to triangular domains of the univariate q-Bernstein basis functions is introduced and analysed. Some recurrence relations and properties such as partition of unity and degree elevation ...are proved for them. It is also proved that they form a basis for the space of polynomials of total degree less than or equal to n on a triangle. In addition, it is presented a de Casteljau type evaluation algorithm whose steps are all linear convex combinations.
A monopolar patch antenna with a V-shaped slot for car-to-car (C2C) and wireless local area network (WLAN) communications is presented in this paper. To widen the impedance bandwidth of the antenna, ...techniques for adding a shorting pin and a V-shaped slot are applied to an equilateral triangular patch. By properly placing the shorting pins on an equilateral triangular patch, two operating modes, i.e., TM10 and TM20, are obtained. The presence of the V-shaped slot can generate an additional TM11 mode. These three resonances found in the operating frequency bandwidth resulted in a wideband characteristic. The proposed antenna can operate from 4.82 to 6.67 GHz for the reflection coefficient ≤ -10 dB with the gain of around 5.0 dBi. In addition, an omnidirectional radiation pattern is yielded by a coaxial center-fed probe excitation. The antenna has a thickness of 0.09λ g (at the center frequency of 5.5 GHz), which is easily hidden on the roof of a vehicle for C2C communication. This proposed design can also be used as indoor base-station antennas for WLAN communication.
This paper focuses on the design with experimental verification of a circular polarization (CP) and pattern reconfigurable triangular patch array simultaneously operating at various tunable ...frequencies. The resonant frequency of the antenna can be altered from 1.97 to 2.54 GHz (25.3% tunable bandwidth) by varying the capacitance values from 4.27 to 1.15 pF of the six varactors fixed between the annular slots on the three triangular patches. A wideband phase shifting network with switching capability is also designed which facilitates the antenna to operate it in both types of CP and pattern reconfigurable modes at each frequency. The antenna is tested in receiving mode and it shows a maximum realized gain of 3.1 dBc when operated in any of the CP mode and 1.45 dB for pattern reconfigurability mode. It has a very wideband axial ratio (AR) value (<3 dB) at each reconfigured frequency and also covers the entire frequency agility bandwidth. Investigation confirms that the antenna produces circularly polarized radiation pattern with minimum AR beamwidth of 24° at all frequency bands for both types of CP radiation. It is also observed that the antenna pattern can be rotated at 120° angle in the complete azimuth plane with a wide 3 dB beamwidth of ±45° at its operating frequencies. The multifaceted reconfiguring ability of the antenna enables it to serve many futuristic communication system requirements such as supporting multiple radios and maintaining signal quality in diverse climatic conditions.
A comprehensive study on the mechanism of bandwidth enhancement for an equilateral triangular microstrip patch antenna (MPA) under differential excitation is presented in this paper. Attributing to ...the way of differential excitation, the radiation directivity of TM 11 mode in such a patch has been improved a lot, and field distributions for both TM 10 and TM 11 modes are found to be simultaneously excited for radiation. Next, two shorting posts are introduced to this MPA so as to generate an additional mode, i.e., zero mode, which resonates in a frequency between TM 10 and TM 11 modes. With the proper arrangement of these three modes in proximity to each other, a wide bandwidth for radiation can be satisfactorily achieved. To demonstrate the validity of the proposed concept, a prototype antenna is finally designed and fabricated. As theoretically expected, the impedance bandwidth of the final designed patch antenna has been increased to 50.46% and the gain is around 6.5 dBi. Both simulated and measured results exhibit wide bandwidth and good performance of radiation.
This article proposes a 16-way low-loss millimeter-wave (mm-wave) power-dividing network using patch elements on the substrate integrated suspended line (SISL) platform. The power-dividing network ...consists of a number of the SISL right-angled isosceles triangular patch (RITP) power dividers and SISL patch-based vertical transitions. The main circuit of the SISL RITP power divider is implemented by the RITP with slots. The TM modes of the RITP are adjusted only by adding slots. As a demonstration, an SISL patch-based power divider has been designed in the mm-wave band with a center frequency of 27 GHz and fabricated by the printed circuit board (PCB) process. At 11.1% of the relative bandwidth, the measured insertion loss is less than 0.4 dB and a loss of only 0.3 dB is achieved at center frequency. Moreover, the SISL RITP power divider has been applied in the 16-way mm-wave power-dividing network. A patch-based vertical transition with low loss is also designed for vertical interconnection. The implemented SISL patch-based power-dividing network has the advantage of low loss (less than 2.5 dB within an 8.8% bandwidth) and is highly integrated.
In this article, a triangular patchtextile antenna has been proposed for health monitoring systems. The patch is fabricated using copper tape and substrate is made up of cotton. Two slots have been ...introduced near feedline to get larger the bandwidth.The size of the proposed antenna is 90x80 mm². The textile antenna is powered throughmicrostripfeedline structure. The antenna resonates at ISM band of 2.4GHz. The antenna provides a peak gainof3.15 dBi and radiation efficiency of 81.33% over the resonating frequency. The impacts on human head and handof electromagnetic radiation are evaluated. The electromagnetic radiation is evaluated usingSpecific absorption rate at different distances from human head and hand. The antenna parameters like radiation efficiency, radiation pattern, return loss and directivity have been evaluated. The antenna is designed and simulated using ANSYS High frequency structure simulator(HFSS) software and the fabricated prototype antenna is tested using network analyser.
This letter alleviates the existing lacuna about the true source of cross-polarized (XP) fields in an equilateral triangular microstrip patch. No information about its sources is available so far. ...Following the existing knowledge about rectangular or circular microstrips, we have extensively examined the dominant and the first two higher-order modes. The theoretical analysis indicates that each of them is with equally probable modal patch currents causing the XP radiations. To identify the actual contributing mode(s) or discriminate the insignificant ones, an intuitive mild perturbation has been employed as a tool. This investigation eventually identifies that it is neither a higher mode nor any specific orthogonally polarized resonance. This finally establishes the primary radiating mode itself as the most significant source of the XP fields which is experimentally verified using a C -band prototype.
A triangular patch array for wireless power transfer Sahandabadi, Sahereh; Attaran, Ali; Alirezaee, Shahpour
Microwave and optical technology letters,
January 2024, 2024-01-00, 20240101, Letnik:
66, Številka:
1
Journal Article
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In this paper, the radiative near‐field method has been employed to transfer power through a triangular patch microstrip array that had not been used for this application previously. Additionally, ...the FR4 substrate is utilized to further reduce the system cost. The system comprises two identical array antennas functioning as both transmitter and receiver. Each array consists of four triangular patches with a side length of 38.5 mm and operates at a frequency of 2.4 GHz. The distance between the two arrays is 50 mm, placing the system in the radiative near‐field category of wireless power transfer. This two‐array system enables the evaluation of power transfer efficiency. The system's performance is improved compared to that of a single triangular patch, and it is also studied in terms of changes in distance. As expected, reducing the distance enhances the system's performance. Subsequently, the structure is fabricated, and the measurements validate the simulation results. The simulation and measurement results exhibit good agreement.
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