The identity of the generic type species Crossodonthina nipponica Yosii, 1954 is unclear because the original description lacks detail and the redescriptions from different localities are ...inconsistent. In this study, C. nipponica was redescribed based on specimens collected in the type locality. Also, partial regions of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 of C. nipponica were also sequenced for DNA barcoding.
Genetic analysis revealed that Pronodularia japanensis can be divided into three groups. But it was not possible to determine which group corresponds to P. japanensis, because the exact type locality ...of this species is unknown. By comparing the ratios of shell height and shell width to shell length, the group (P. cf. japanensis 3) distributed in northeastern Honshu was regarded as that corresponding to P. japanensis. On this basis it was estimated where the lectotype of this species was collected.
マツカサガイ（二枚貝綱，イシガイ科）の同定とそのタイプ産地に関する推測 近藤, 高貴
Venus (Journal of the Malacological Society of Japan),
2023/06/20, Letnik:
81, Številka:
1-4
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
マツカサガイ属は1属1種と考えられていたが，遺伝子解析によって3群（Pronodularia cf. japanensis 1～3 in Lopes-Lima et al., ...2020）とされた。しかし，マツカサガイのタイプ産地は「Japan」としか記載がなく，マツカサガイの学名に該当する個体群は3群のどれか確定されていなかった。そこで3群の殻形態比較により，マツカサガイのタイプ標本に最も近い形状を示す地域個体群（北東本州固有種 P. cf. japanensis 3）を確定し，本種の再記載を行った。また，タイプ標本の採集地が江戸（東京）周辺の関東地方と推測された。なお，広域分布種と東海固有種とされる2群はそれぞれ有効種なのか不明確で，今後更なる遺伝学的および形態学的な解析を進める必要がある。Pronodularia japanensis（Lea, 1859）マツカサガイレクトタイプ：NHMUK 1965181（ロンドン自然史博物館），殻長48.3 mm，殻高27.8 mm，殻幅15.2 mm。タイプ産地：日本（詳しい地名は不明。ただし，東京近郊の関東地方と推測された。）分布：東北から関東地方の太平洋側に固有。形態：殻は細長く，平たい。前縁は丸く，後縁は角張る。殻表面には逆V字状の彫刻があり，後背縁の放射肋は明瞭である。殻表は暗褐色で，真珠層は白色である。幼生は亜円形で，殻長と殻高が等しい。生態：小川や用水路の礫～砂泥底に生息する。繁殖：流下幼生は5月から9月にかけて見られる。備考：他の2群とは遺伝的に異なっている。また，他の2群より殻が平たく，殻幅比（SW/SL）が0.364以下であれば本種と同定可能（正判別率＝75％）。
Aim: Small geographic ranges make species especially prone to extinction from anthropogenic disturbances or natural stochastic events. We assemble and analyse a comprehensive dataset of all the ...world's lizard species and identify the species with the smallest ranges–those known only from their type localities. We compare them to wide-ranging species to infer whether specific geographic regions or biological traits predispose species to have small ranges. Location: Global. Methods: We extensively surveyed museum collections, the primary literature and our own field records to identify all the species of lizards with a maximum linear geographic extent of <10 km. We compared their biogeography, key biological traits and threat status to those of all other lizards. Results: One in seven lizards (927 of the 6,568 currently recognized species) are known only from their type localities. These include 213 species known only from a single specimen. Compared to more wide-ranging taxa, they mostly inhabit relatively inaccessible regions at lower, mostly tropical, latitudes. Surprisingly, we found that burrowing lifestyle is a relatively unimportant driver of small range size. Geckos are especially prone to having tiny ranges, and skinks dominate lists of such species not seen for over 50 years, as well as of species known only from their holotype. Twothirds of these species have no IUCN assessments, and at least 20 are extinct. Main conclusions: Fourteen per cent of lizard diversity is restricted to a single location, often in inaccessible regions. These species are elusive, usually poorly known and little studied. Many face severe extinction risk, but current knowledge is inadequate to properly assess this for all of them. We recommend that such species become the focus of taxonomic, ecological and survey efforts.
Hybridization, rapid diversification, and uncertainties surrounding type specimens add complexity to the already intricate taxonomy of high Andean Myioborus warblers of northern South America. In ...this study, we propose a reassessment of species boundaries within M. ornatus and M. melanocephalus, drawing on comparisons of name-bearing types. We also consider insights from a recent study of a hybrid zone in southern Colombia and northern Ecuador. We present three species delimitation alternatives that offer improved clarity compared to the current taxonomy, and discuss the rationale behind recognizing chrysops and bairdi as distinct species while redefining the species ornatus and melanocephalus, given the available evidence.
The orthopterans are diverse insects and play important roles in the ecosystem as well as having "love-hate relationship" with humans. Documentation of diversity in Southeast Asia has long history ...but remains incomplete. Using information of type specimens and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques, we investigated the following questions on new species discovery for the region, specifically: (1) How are new species discoveries of orthopterans distributed in Southeast Asia? (2) How have new species discoveries changed with time? (3) How do new species discoveries relate to the countries of the type depositories? We found that new species discoveries, relative to sampling, are fragmentary in Southeast Asia and changes with different time periods. We also find type depositories tightly linked to the human (colonial) history of Southeast Asian countries. We provide some recommendations and hope that this can help to accelerate the study of orthopteran diversity in the region.
Despite the wide recognition of Homatula variegata (Dabry de Thiersant, 1874) as a valid Chinese loach, its type locality, identity and distribution still remain contentious. A molecular phylogenetic ...analysis based on the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) gene for samples from all known range of the species showed that three distinct species are involved. Morphological comparisons, coupled with examination on the types, confirmed that H. variegata s. str. is characterized by having a sparsely scaled predorsal body, an adipose crest along the dorsal midline of the caudal peduncle that extends forward to the vertical through the posterior end of the anal‐fin base and a broadly rounded caudal fin. It is found merely in the Wei‐He of the Huang‐He basin. The Jinsha‐Jiang population, previously misidentified as H. variegata, represents a distinct species, for which Homatula oxygnathra is the available name. Homatula laxiclathra, endemic to the Wei‐He, is also a valid species distinct from H. variegata.
We catalogue 100 species (including nominotypic subspecies) and five subspecies in 35 genera of Lasiocampinae, Lasiocampidae from India. This represents 5% of the 1,952 species of Global ...Lasiocampidae. Information on types (locality and depository), synonymy, diversity and distribution in different biogeographic zones of India alongwith global records, contribution of various authors on Indian Lasiocampidae is provided. Apart from seven doubtful records, clarifications are given as remarks wherever needed. Additionally, Streblote alpherakyi (Christoph, 1885) and Odontocraspis collieri Zolotuhin & Witt, 2000a are reported for the first time from India.
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