This paper studies effects of the introduction of a new digital mass medium on reemployment of unemployed job seekers. We combine data on broadband internet availability at the local level with ...German individual register data. We address endogeneity by exploiting technological peculiarities that affected the roll-out of broadband internet. Results show that broadband internet improves reemployment rates after the first months in unemployment for males. Complementary analyses with survey data suggest that internet access mainly changes male job seekers’ search behavior by increasing online search and the number of job applications.
How can we understand public action in the field of social and professional inclusion? How can we measure changes and assess their impact on local areas? How can we address the needs of people who ...are ""furthest away"" from social and professional qualifications, or those who are ""invisible"" in terms of integration schemes? In other words, how can we work to ensure that everyone can participate in social and economic life at local level?
Comment comprendre l’action publique en matière d’inclusion sociale et professionnelle ? Comment en mesurer les évolutions, en évaluer les effets sur les territoires ? Comment prendre en compte les besoins des personnes dites « les plus éloignées » des qualifications sociales et professionnelles ou encore « invisibles » au regard des dispositifs d’insertion ; autrement dit comment œuvrer pour la participation de tous à la vie sociale et économique sur les territoires ? C’est en partant de ces questionnements que les auteurs de cet ouvrage ont engagé un travail de recherche-action au sein du service insertion d’un conseil départemental dont ils présentent ici certains des résultats.
Using Eurobarometer data, we document large variation across European countries in education gradients in income, self-reported health, life satisfaction, obesity, smoking and drinking. While this ...variation has been documented previously, the reasons why the effect of education on income, health and health behaviors varies is not well understood. We build on previous literature documenting that cohorts graduating in bad times have lower wages and poorer health for many years after graduation, compared to those graduating in good times. We investigate whether more educated individuals suffer smaller income and health losses as a result of poor labor market conditions upon labor market entry. We confirm that a higher unemployment rate at graduation is associated with lower income, lower life satisfaction, greater obesity, more smoking and drinking later in life. Further, education plays a protective role for these outcomes, especially when unemployment rates are high: the losses associated with poor labor market outcomes are substantially lower for more educated individuals. Variation in unemployment rates upon graduation can potentially explain a large fraction of the variance in gradients across different countries.
•High unemployment rates at graduation permanently lower income and health.•Education plays a protective role when unemployment rates are high.•Overall losses are smaller for more educated individuals.•Labor market conditions partially explain the variance in education gradients.
Jobs for the Heartland AUSTIN, BENJAMIN; GLAESER, EDWARD; SUMMERS, LAWRENCE
Brookings papers on economic activity,
04/2018, Letnik:
2018, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The economic convergence of U.S. regions has slowed greatly, and rates of long-term nonemployment have even been diverging. Simultaneously, the rate of nonemployment for working age men has nearly ...tripled over the last 50 years, generating a social problem that is disproportionately centered in the eastern parts of the American heartland. Should more permanent economic divisions across space lead U.S. economists to rethink their traditional skepticism about place-based policies? We document that increases in labor demand appear to have greater effects on employment in areas where not working has been historically high, suggesting that subsidizing employment in such places could reduce the rate of not working. Proemployment policies, such as a ramped-up Earned Income Tax Credit, that are targeted toward regions with more elastic employment responses, however financed, could plausibly reduce suffering and materially improve economic performance.
Abstract
Unemployment insurance (UI) programs traditionally take the form of a single insurance contract offered to job seekers. In this work, we show that offering a menu of contracts can be welfare ...improving in the presence of adverse selection and moral hazard. When insurance contracts are composed of (1) a UI payment and (2) a severance payment paid at the onset of unemployment, offering contracts with different ratios of UI benefits to severance payment is optimal under the equivalent of a single-crossing condition: job seekers in higher need of unemployment insurance should be less prone to moral hazard. In that setting, a menu allows the planner to attract job seekers with a high need for insurance in a contract with generous UI benefits, and to attract job seekers most prone to moral hazard in a separate contract with a large severance payment but little unemployment insurance. We propose a simple sufficient statistics approach to test the single-crossing condition in the data.
We explore the role of composition, duration dependence, and labor force nonparticipation in accounting for the sharp increase in the incidence of long-term unemployment (LTU) during the Great ...Recession. We show that compositional shifts account for very little of the observed increase in LTU. Using panel data from the Current Population Survey for 2002–7, we calibrate a matching model that allows for duration dependence in unemployment and transitions between employment, unemployment, and nonparticipation. The calibrated model accounts for almost all of the increase in LTU and much of the observed outward shift in the Beveridge curve between 2008 and 2013.
Why is unemployment so countercyclical? Christiano, Lawrence J.; Eichenbaum, Martin S.; Trabandt, Mathias
Review of economic dynamics,
07/2021, Letnik:
41
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
We argue that wage inertia plays a pivotal role in allowing empirically plausible variants of the standard search and matching model to account for the large countercyclical response of unemployment ...to shocks.
The current US oil and gas boom is injecting labour, capital and revenue into communities near reserves. Will these communities be cursed with lower long-run incomes in the wake of the boom? We study ...the oil boom-and-bust cycle of the 1970s and 1980s to gain insights. Using annual data on drilling to identify western boom-and-bust counties, we find substantial positive local employment and income effects during the boom. In the aftermath of the bust, however, we find that incomes per capita decreased and unemployment compensation payments increased relative to what they would have been if the boom had not occurred.
Unemployment and Right-wing Extremist Crime Falk, Armin; Kuhn, Andreas; Zweimüller, Josef
The Scandinavian journal of economics,
June 2011, Letnik:
113, Številka:
2
Journal Article
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It is frequently argued that unemployment plays a crucial role in the occurrence of right-wing extremist crimes (RECs). We test this hypothesis empirically using data from Germany. We find that ...right-wing criminal activities occur more frequently when unemployment is high. The substantial difference in the numbers of RECs occurring in the East and West German states can mostly be attributed to differences in unemployment. This finding reinforces the importance of unemployment as an explanatory factor for RECs, and it questions explanations based solely on the different socialization in former communist East Germany and the liberal West German states.
Abstract
Will automation raise unemployment and what is the role of education in this context? To answer these questions, we propose a search and matching model of the labour market with two skill ...types and with industrial robots. In line with evidence to date, robots are better substitutes for low-skilled workers than for high-skilled workers. We show that robot adoption leads to rising unemployment and falling wages of low-skilled workers and falling unemployment and rising wages of high-skilled workers. In a calibration to Austrian and German data, we find that robot adoption destroys fewer low-skilled jobs than the number of high-skilled jobs it creates. For Australia and the USA, the reverse holds true. Allowing for endogenous skill acquisition of workers implies positive employment effects of automation in all four countries. Thus, the firm creation mechanism in the search and matching model and skill acquisition are alleviating the adverse effects of automation.
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