Percepcija je javnosti da su državni službenici neučinkoviti, spori i korumpirani, što je teško pobiti. Poznato je da borba protiv korupcije podrazumijeva upotrebu represivnih sredstava, ali i ...prevenciju. Jedan je od alata prevencije korupcije donošenje i primjena Etičkih kodeksa u tijelima državne uprave, ali jednako tako u jedinicama lokalne i regionalne samouprave i općenito javnom sektoru. U svim državnim tijelima imenovani su povjerenici za etiku. Povjerenici prate primjenu Etičkog kodeksa državnih službenika, promiču etičko ponašanje u međusobnim odnosima službenika te odnosima službenika prema građanima, zaprimaju pritužbe na neetično ponašanje i postupanje službenika, provode postupak ispitivanja osnovanosti pritužbi te vode evidenciju o zaprimljenim pritužbama. U radu su korišteni materijali objavljeni na mrežnim stranicama Ministarstva pravosuđa i uprave. Rad daje odgovore na dva pitanja: 1. Je li primjenom Etičkog kodeksa državnih službenika smanjen broj pritužbi na rad i ponašanje državnih službenika u promatranom razdoblju, od 2018. do 2022. godine? 2. Je li u razdoblju od 2018. do 2022. godine povećan ili smanjen broj kazni za neetično ponašanje?
The public perceives government officials as being ineffective, slow and corrupted, which can hardly be refuted. The fight against corruption is known to entail the use of repressive measures, but also prevention. One of the tools for preventing corruption is the adoption and implementation of Codes of Ethics in the public administration, but also in local and regional self-government bodies and the public sector in general. Ethics commissioners are appointed in all bodies of public administration. They monitor the implementation of the Code of Ethics for Civil Servants, promote ethical conduct in mutual relations of the civil servants and relations between civil servants and citizens. They receive complaints against unethical conduct and officials’ actions, conduct the proceedings of examining the merit of complaints and keep records on the received complaints. In this paper, we used data published on the web pages of the Ministry of Justice and Public Administration. The paper provides answers to two questions: 1. Did the implementation of the Code of Ethics for Civil Servants reduce the number of complaints against the performance and conduct of civil servants in the observed period, from 2018 to 2022?; 2. Did the number of sanctions for unethical conduct increase or decrease in the period from 2018 to 2022?
Polazište i okvir ovog rada je određenje zajedničkog cilj državne uprave, odnosno javne uprave (koja u širem smislu obuhvaća državnu upravu, lokalnu i područnu (regionalnu) samoupravu i javne ...službe), koje u najširem smislu imaju za cilj „zadovoljavanje općih interesa i javnih potreba“, pa tako i javnog interesa u području zaštite na radu . U ovome radu piše se o poslovima državne uprave, ustrojstvu državne uprave (pa i u 2023. godini), a posebno o Ministarstvu rada, mirovinskoga sustava, obitelji i socijalne politike (Uprava za rad i zaštitu na radu, istaknuto) i Državnom inspektoratu (područjima inspekcijskih poslova i „sektoru inspekcije rada“), kao i o uredbama o unutrašnjem ustroju tijela državne uprave. Izdvaja se dio sadržaja u radu koji se odnosi na kronološki (razvojni) prikaz tijela državne uprave (njihovo ustrojstvo i djelokrug kroz ministarstva, središnjih državnih ureda i državnih upravnih organizacija u području zaštite na radu od 1990. do 2023. godine). Ustav Republike Hrvatske i zakoni na snazi (kao i oni koji su važili od 1990. godine utvrđuju poslove državne uprave kao uvjetovanih cjelina: provedba državnih politika; neposredna provedba zakona i drugih propisa te izravno primjenjivih propisa Europske unije; inspekcijski nadzori; upravni nadzori; drugi upravni i stručni poslovi državne uprave. Za uspješno funkcioniranje tog sustava bitni su, pored drugih, ustrojstvo državne uprave. To se u ovom radu ističe prikazom ustrojstva nadležnosti tijela državne uprave Republike Hrvatske u području zaštite na radu.
The point and scope of this paper is to determine the common goal of the state administration, local and regional administrations and public services that work to ‘meet public interest and needs’, including occupational safety. Described in the paper are the state administration jobs, its organiza-tion (including in 2023), focusing in particular on the Ministry of Labour, Pension System, Family and Social Policy (Directorate for Labour and Safety at Work), and State Inspectorate, with special focus on the Labour Inspectorate, including the internal organization of the state administration bodies. A separate section addresses the chronology and development of the state administration bodies (their organization and scope through the ministries, central state offices and state administration organizations related to occupational safety from 1990 to 2023. The Constitution of the Republic of Croatia and the acts in force (as well as those valid from 1990 state the competencies of the state administration including the implementation of state policies, implementation of the law and other regulations and the directly implementable EU regulations, inspection, administrative supervision, and other administrative tasks of the state administration. If the system is to function successfully, the organization of the state administration, among other factors, is essential. The paper focuses on the organization of occupational safety under the authority of the various state administration bodies of the Republic of Croatia.
Digitalna javna uprava kao koncept djelovanja javne uprave i dio središnjeg servisa građana, treba dovesti do bržeg, učinkovitijeg i odgovornijeg pristupa uslugama. U Republici Hrvatskoj ...digitalizacija javne uprave provodi se već niz godina, odnosno od 2014. kada je s radom započeo sustav e-Građani kojim je do danas digitalizirano više od 100 usluga. Ključni preduvjet digitalizacije javne uprave jest odgovarajući zakonodavni okvir na nacionalnoj te na razini Europske unije. Premda Zakon o općem upravnom postupku iz 2010. sadrži niz odredbi koje omogućavaju uspostavu tzv. elektroničke javne uprave, njegove prve izmjene i dopune iz 2021. otvorile su put ka daljnjoj digitalizaciji javne uprave. Poseban osvrt autori pridaju digitalizaciji unutar sustava socijalne skrbi, s obzirom na to da se njime naglašava važnost zaštite najranjivijih društvenih skupina. Kako bi uz normativnu analizu ukazali i na stvarnu funkcionalnost digitalizirane javne uprave, autori analiziraju dvije grupe statističkih podataka. Tako predstavljaju statističke podatke o broju korisnika sustava e-Građani, kao i broj korisnika digitaliziranog sustava socijalne skrbi. Poseban je naglasak na provedenoj analizi službenih mrežnih stranica centara za socijalnu skrb u Republici Hrvatskoj te na dostupnosti izjava o digitalnoj pristupačnosti, odnosno pristupačnosti službenih mrežnih stranica. Ti pokazatelji ukazuju na daljnje izazove digitalizacije javne uprave te važnosti razvijanja inkluzivnog pristupa.
Digital public administration as a concept of public administration and part of the central service for citizens should lead to faster, more efficient, and more responsible access to services. In the Republic of Croatia, the digitization of public administration has been carried out for several years, i.e., since 2014, when the e-Citizens system began to operate, with which more than 100 services have been digitized to date. A key prerequisite for the digitization of public administration is an appropriate legislative framework at the national and European Union level. Although the General Administrative Procedure Act from 2010 contains many provisions that enable the establishment of the so-called electronic public administration, its first amendments from 2021 opened a further path toward further digitization of public administration. The authors pay special attention to the digitization of the social care system, given that it emphasizes the importance of protecting the most vulnerable social groups. To point out the real functionality of digitized public administration in addition to the normative analysis, the authors analyze two groups of statistical data. Thus, they present statistical data on the number of users of the e-Citizens system, as well as the number of users of the digitized social welfare system. Special emphasis is placed on the analysis of the official websites of social welfare centers in the Republic of Croatia and the availability of digital accessibility statement, i.e., the accessibility of official websites. These indicators point to further challenges of digitization of public administration and the importance of developing an inclusive approach.
Rad se bavi poviješću fondova pazinskih, labinskih i porečkih kotarskih upravnih i s njima povezanih tijela iz razdoblja Druge austrijske (1814. – 1918.) uprave te rekonstruira stručne postupke ...provedene u Državnom arhivu u Trstu (1927. – 1961.) i Državnom arhivu u Pazinu (1962. – 1990.). Gradivo se tijela austrijske kotarske uprave po prestanku djelovanja njihovih stvaratelja nastavilo čuvati u pismohranama talijanskih podprefektura u Pazinu, Poreču i Labinu, sve do njihova ukidanja 1927. godine. Nakon 1927. godine prve je intervencije u ovo gradivo proveo Državni arhiv u Trstu. U prostorima samih ukinutih podprefektura provedeno je i dokumentirano odabiranje gradiva i izlučivanje, a potom su fondovi austrijskih kotarskih tijela Pazina, Labina i Poreča kao cjeline preseljeni u Arhiv u Trstu. Tijekom tršćanskoga skrbništva (1927. – 1961.) gradivo je osnovno evidentirano, bez daljnjih intervencija. Po provedenoj restituciji arhivskoga gradiva između Republike Italije i Jugoslavije, gradivo autrijske kotarske uprave s područja Patina, Labina i Poreča dodjeljuje se u skrbništvo Državnom arhivu u Pazinu, a daljnja se obrada odvija u dvjema velikim i dugotrajnim fazama. Prvu fazu čini osnovno sređivanje (1962. – 1982.), kojim je mlad i nedovoljno opremljen arhiv nastojao prvenstveno osigurati neophodnu fizičku zaštitu gradiva, udovoljiti zahtjevima za evidentiranjem i podići razinu intelektualne kontrole nad gradivom koje je zadržalo strukture formirane 1927. godine. U drugoj je fazi (1982. – 1990.), u skladu sa svim modernim stručnim smjernicama, provedena detaljna arhivističku obrada, koja je rezultirala cjelovitim preustrojem povijesnih struktura i ustrojem fondova kakvi su do danas. Na temelju povijesne arhivističke dokumentacije rad objašnjava povijesne etape obrade i evidentiranja arhivskoga gradiva, uspostavlja i obnavlja pokidane evidencijske veze i tumači promjene u nazivu fondova, vremenu nastanka gradiva pojedinih fondova te promjene u strukturama samih fondova.
The paper
deals with the history of the fonds of the Pazin, Labin and Poreč district
administrative and related bodies from the period of the Second Austrian
Administration (1814-1918) and reconstructs the professional procedures carried
out in the State Archives in Trieste (1927-1961) and the State Archives in
Pazin. (1962 - 1990). After the cessation of the activities
of their creators, the material of the bodies of the Austrian district
administration continued to be kept in the archives of the Italian
subprefectures in Pazin, Poreč and Labin, until their abolition in 1927. After
1927, the first interventions in this material were carried out by the State
Archives in Trieste. The selection and weeding of materials was carried out and
documented in the premises of the abolished subprefectures, and then the fonds
of the Austrian district authorities of Pazin, Labin and Poreč were moved as a
whole to the Archives in Trieste. During the Trieste custody (1927 - 1961), the
material was rudimentarily recorded, without further interventions. Following the restitution of archives between the Italian Republic and Yugoslavia, the material of the
Austrian district administration from the area of Pazin, Labin and Poreč was
assigned to the State Archives in Pazin, where further processing was carried
out in two major and lengthy phases: The first phase consisted of the
basic arrangement (1962-1982), during which the young and insufficiently
equipped archives sought to ensure the necessary physical protection of the
material, meet the requirements for recording and raise the level of
intellectual control over the material that retained the structures formed in
1927. In the second phase (1982-1990), in accordance with all modern professional guidelines, a detailed archival processing was carried out, which resulted in a complete reorganization of historical structures and the organization of fonds as they are today. Based on historical archival documentation, the paper explains the historical stages of processing and recording of archives, establishes and restores broken recording links and interprets changes in the name/title of fonds, the time of creation of individual fonds and the structures of the fonds.
L'oggetto del lavoro è la storia dei fondi degli organi amministrativi distrettuali di
Pisino, Albona e Parenzo nonché di quelli ad essi correlati, risalenti al periodo della Seconda amministrazione austriaca (1814-1918) e ricostruisce le procedure professionali realizzate nell'Archivio di Stato di Trieste (1927-1961) e nell'Archivio di Stato di Pisino (1962-1990). Il materiale degli organi amministrtivi distrettuali austriaci, in seguito alla cessazione delle attività dei loro produttori, si conservarono negli archivi delle sottoprefetture italiane di Pisino, Parenzo e Albona fino al momento della loro soppressione nel 1927. Dopo il 1927, i primi interventi in questo materiale furono eseguiti dall'Archivio di Stato di Trieste. Presso le sedi delle stesse sottoprefetture soppresse fu eseguita e documentata la selezione e lo scarto, e quindi, i fondi degli organi distrettuali austriaci di Pisino, Albona e Parenzo, come unità, furono trasferiti nell'Archivio di Trieste. Durante la custodia di Trieste (1927-1961), con il materiale fu eseguita la registrazione basale, senza interventi successivi. In seguito alla restituzione del materiale archivistico tra la Repubblica italiana e la Jugoslavia , il
materiale dell'amministrazione distrettuale austriaca del territorio di Pisino,
Albona e Parenzo fu assegnato alla custodia dell'Archivio di Stato di Pisino,
mentre l'elaborazione successiva si svolse in due grandi fasi di lunga durata: La prima fase consiste nella sistemazione basale (1962-1982), con la quale il nuovo e non sufficientemente attrezzato archivio ha cercato di garantire, in primo luogo, l'adeguata
protezione fisica del materiale, di soddisfare criteri per la registrazione e
di elevare il livello del controllo intelettuale sul materiale che ha conservato le strutture formate nel 1927. Nella seconda fase (1982-1990),
conforme a tutte le linee guida professionali e moderne, è stata eseguita
un'accurata elaborazione archivistica che ha portato alla completa
riorganizzazione di strutture storiche e all' organizzazione dei fondi che si è
conservata a tutt'oggi. In base alla documentazione
archivistica storica, il lavoro spiega le fasi storiche dell'elaborazione e
della registrazione del materiale archivistico,stabilisce e ricostituisce i
collegamenti interrotti nella registrazione e interpreta i cambiamenti nelle
denominazioni dei fondi, nel periodo della creazione dei singoli fondi e delle
strutture dei fondi stessi.
From the Five Star Movement to Podemos, from the Pirate Parties to La France Insoumise, from the movements behind Bernie Sanders to those backing Jeremy Corbyn, the last decade has witnessed the rise ...of a new blueprint for political organisation: the digital party. Paolo Gerbaudo addresses the organisational revolution that is transforming political parties in the time of Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Cambridge Analytica. Drawing on interviews with political leaders and organisers, Gerbaudo demonstrates that besides rapidly growing in votes, these formations have also revitalised party democracy, involving hundreds of thousands in discussions carried out on online decision-making platforms. Participatory, yet plebiscitarian, open and democratic, yet dominated by charismatic 'hyperleaders', digital parties display both great potentials and risks for the development of new forms of mass participation in an era of growing inequality. All political parties will have to reckon with the lessons of the digital party.
In this paper, the author presents the results of the Tanzimat principle of electoral equality of Muslims and non-Muslims in the District of Banja Luka and its subdistricts. By the Tanzimat ...regulation of electoral equality, the author refers to those parts of the 1864 Ottoman Vilayet Law and its 1867/1871 amendments that regulate the equality of Muslims and non-Muslims in terms of electing their representatives in the local councils. In that sense, this paper does not present the implementation of the entire Vilayet Law, the entire administration and its bodies and services, but only refers to the local councils at the levels of sanjak and kaza. The paper has been written on the ground of relevant references, while the Ottoman annual reports for the Vilayet of Bosnia were the sources for the data regarding the councils. A general assessment is that the electoral equality in the said area was mostly respected, but not entirely since there were obvious deviations from the Law.
Arhivski vodiči nerijetko su vrlo opsežni jer obuhvaćaju cjelokupni fundus pojedinog arhiva, stoga su nepregledni, a za pojedine istraživače čak i obeshrabrujući. U ovom radu prikazani su fondovi ...nastali radom javne uprave, pravosuđa i Vojne krajine u razdoblju od postanka grada Bjelovara do 1941. godine, a odnose se na grad Bjelovar. Forma tematskog vodiča odabrana je kako bi na jednome mjestu bilo moguće izdvojiti ono najstarije i najfragmentiranije gradivo koje se odnosi na upravno-pravni život grada. Takav pristup ostavio je prostor za detaljno popisivanje arhivskih jedinica svih fondova. Kako bi na jednome mjestu bili popisani svi izvori za povijest grada, detektirani su i popisani svi fondovi arhivskoga gradiva s bjelovarskog područja koje čuvaju baštinske ustanove u Republici Hrvatskoj – Hrvatski državni arhiv, Državni arhiv u Bjelovaru i Gradski muzej u Bjelovaru. Prikazani fondovi sadrže najviše konkretnih informacija o razvoju grada, funkcioniranju ustanova i organizaciji života u gradu. Cilj je rada približiti arhivsko gradivo svim potencijalnim istraživačima povijesti Bjelovara.
Autor je na temelju neobjavljenoga arhivskoga gradiva i recentne literature istražio osnivanje i djelovanje Hrvatskoga kulturnog društva „Napredak“ iz Sarajeva u Splitu od 1922. godine kada je ...utemeljena Splitska podružnica, koja je, unatoč političkim pritiscima u razdoblju Kraljevine Jugoslavije, uspjela ostvariti veći dio svojih programskih ciljeva. Podružnica je djelovala, unatoč brojnim zaprekama, sve do konca 1940. godine kada je zbog početka rata prestala s radom. Uspostavom Republike Hrvatske Splitska je podružnica obnovljena 25. lipnja 1991. godine.
Članak razmatra ustroj, djelokrug i teritorijalnu nadležnost Gradskoga poglavarstva Varaždin između dva svjetska rata. Prikazana su tri međusobno koordinirana tijela Gradskoga poglavarstva: gradsko ...zastupstvo kao lokalno predstavničko tijelo, odbori kao savjetodavna tijela zastupstva i gradsko poglavarstvo kao izvršno tijelo. U poglavlju o zastupstvu kronološki su predstavljeni svi mandati zastupstva, načelnici i vladini povjerenici koji su upravljali gradom. U narednom poglavlju razrađen je djelokrug svakoga odbora zasebno i taksativno su pobrojani svi odbori izabrani u promatranom razdoblju. Posljednje poglavlje analizira organizaciju ustrojbenih jedinica u kojima se je odvijalo poslovno djelovanje poglavarstva. Pogled na djelovanje gradske uprave zaokružen je zakonskom regulativom i naznakom unitarističko-centralističkih i apsolutističkih tendencija koje su oblikovale svekoliku društveno-političku zbilju, uključujući i rad jedinica lokalne vlasti.
The article analyzes the structure, scope and territorial jurisdiction of the Varaždin City Government, a unit of local administration that governed the Varaždin municipality in the period 1918-1941. From 1918 to
1920, the city municipality included the area of the city of Varaždin together with the villages of Varaždin Breg and Novo Selo, and from January 1, 1921 it was further expanded with the village of Šandorovec.Two
basic laws defined the structure and scope of city governments between the two world wars: the Law on the Organization of City Municipalities in the Kingdoms of Croatia and Slavonia of 1895 and the Law on City Municipalities of 1934. After the introduction of the dictatorship in 1929, two more laws were passed that had a decisive impact on the functioning of cities. One dissolved all self-governments on the territory of the state and the other annulled all existing election procedures, so that all subsequent city councils were appointed by a Ban’s decision. The abolition of previous legislation, strict hierarchical supervision, the appointment of city councils and government commissioners close to the state regime and the complete denial of electoral principles led, especially in the first half of the 1930s, to the narrowing of self-governing rights of city municipalities. The
paper presents three mutually coordinated bodies of the City Government: the council as a local representative body, committees as advisory bodies of the council and the government as an executive body. The
chapter on the city council, in addition to the structure and competencies, provides a chronological overview of the mandate of the council and a list of mayors and government commissioners who changed during the interwar years. In the 1920s, four city councils were elected
and from 1929 to 1941, five were appointed. All four elected councils disbanded before the end of a six-year term due to political and party disagreements, lack of a solid coalition or personal animosities. The city council was chaired by the mayors or presidents of the city municipality. In the observed period, Varaždin had four elected and eight appointed mayors and six government commissioners. The longest-serving elected mayor was Vjenceslav Podgajski with a four-and-a-half-year term. The council had standing committees for more efficient solution of administrative cases and faster decision making. The committees were established in accordance with the statute (Legal-Political Committee, Excise, Economic, For Paupers and Orphans, For City Enterprises, etc.) or particular legislation (School, Agricultural, Committee for Emergency Passages, Health, etc.). Their number varied over the years between twelve and eighteen.
The performance of all administrative and self-governing tasks belonged to the domain of the government, which was divided into organizational units, the so-called sections. However, little attention was paid to the
organization itself. The greatest progress towards better organization was made only in 1937, when the number of departments was finally stabilized and the systematic marking of files with numerical designations of organizational units began. From then until 1941 the administrative work had been conducted in twelve and later thirteen departments (one department was established in 1938). This article should make it easier for researchers to use the material of exceptionally valuable, frequently used and researched archival fonds of
the State Archives in Varaždin, but it can also serve as a guide for understanding the administrative history of other city governments in continental Croatia, whose functioning is defined by the same legislation and the general socio-political climate of the interwar period.
U radu se definiraju prekršaji protiv javnog reda i mira, navode se statistički podaci o navedenim prekršajima na području Republike Hrvatske i posebno na području za koje je nadležna Policijska ...uprava splitsko-dalmatinska, te se citira odgovarajuća sudska praksa. Obzirom da je policija stvarno nadležna za procesuiranje prekršaja protiv javnog reda i mira, posebno su analizirane odluke o javnom redu miru koje su donijele jedinice lokalne samouprave u Županiji splitsko-dalmatinskoj, kojim odlukama se, uz one propisane Zakonom o prekršajima protiv javnog reda i mira, propisuju prekršaji protiv javnog reda i mira odnosno stvara normativni okvir za utvrđivanje i sankcioniranje navedenih prekršaja. Zaključak autora je da je materijalno-pravni okvir za procesuiranje prekršaja protiv javnog reda i mira dostatan, a iz postojećih podzakonskih akata (odluka) je potrebno izostaviti: odredbe sadržane u zakonima, odredbe koje su zastarjele i ne odgovaraju duhu vremena i svrsi propisa te odredbe kojima se krši komunalni red, dok u lokalnim propisima o javnom redu i miru treba propisati (samo) specifične protupravne radnje kojima se na određenom (lokalnom) području remeti javni red i mir.
The article defines misdemeanours against public order, provides statistical data on these misdemeanours in the Republic of Croatia, particularly within the jurisdiction of the Police Administration Split-Dalmatia. It also refers to relevant case law. Since the Police is responsible for processing these misdemeanours, the decisions on public order made by local government units in the Split-Dalmatia County are analysed in detail. These decisions, in addition to those prescribed by the Law on Misdemeanours against Public Order, establish a normative framework for determining and sanctioning these offenses. The authors conclude that the legal framework for prosecuting misdemeanours against public order is sufficient, but it is necessary to remove provisions contained in laws, outdated provisions, and those that violate municipal regulations from sublegal acts. The local regulations on public order should regulate only specific unlawful actions that disrupt public order in particular (local) areas.
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