Dünya'daki kentlerin çoğu bir farklılaşma süreci yaşamakta ve bu kentlerin merkezlerinin yakın
çevresindeki konut alanları da zaman içinde iç ve dış etkenlerce değişime uğramaktadır. Bu değişimler
...bazen fonksiyonların, bazen dokunun, bazen de sosyal yapının değişimi olarak karşımıza
çıkmaktadır. Şehir eski merkezi yakın çevresinde, merkezi iş faaliyetlerinin çevrelerindeki konut
alanlarını etkisi altına alarak büyümesi, trafik yoğunluğunun artması ve gürültü, hava kirliliği gibi
olumsuz çevre koşulları vb. nedenler, farklı gelir gruplarının biçimlendirdiği demografik yapı üzerinde
etkili olmuştur. Bu alanda yaşayan orta ve yüksek gelirli ailelerin şehir dışına göç etmeye
başlamasıyla boşalan konut yapıları, bu grubun yerini düşük gelirli mülk sahiplerinin alması nedeniyle
kullanıcı değiştirmek veya farklı bir işleve tahsis edilmek zorunda kalmışlardır. Bu kullanım
ve kullanıcı değişikliği, yapıları oluşturan iç ve dış bileşenlerin de yeni koşullara uyarlanmasını gerektirmiştir.
Bu araştırmada İstanbul'da da son yıllarda Tarihi Yarımada'nın Marmara Denizi tarafındaki
konut alanlarında görülen işlevsel değişmeler ve kullanıcı farklılaşmalarını incelemek
amacıyla Sultanahmet ve Cankurtaran mahalleleri seçilmiştir. Yapılan araştırma sonucunda bölgede
konuttan turizm işlevine bir dönüşüm yaşandığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu işlevsel dönüşüme bağlı olarak
fiziksel yapının iyileştiği, ancak daha önce bu bölgede yaşamakta ailelerin alandan taşındığı,
alana turizm ve yeme içme sektöründe çalışan kişiler ile tek kişilik hane halklarından oluşan genç
nüfusun gelmeye başladığı görülmüştür. Bu durum alanda nüfus azalmasına neden olduğu gibi, aidiyet
ve sahiplenme duygularının devamının sağlanmasında da güçlükler oluşturabilecektir.
Over the time, historical centers of cities have experienced
changes in their function and social structure.
Development of business activities in the centrums
by influencing the surrounding housing districts,
rapid increase of the traffic density, and the
adverse environmental conditions like noise, air pollution
etc. have been affecting the demographic
structure around the old city core formed by different
income groups. As a result of the concentration
of low income families in city centers due to easier
transportation possibilities, middle and high income
groups have been migrating outside the cities.
The houses left empty during the development of the
centre, causing high income groups move towards
outskirts, had to change their functions since the
owners could no longer afford their maintenance
and repair costs. This change in the user profile has
affected the inner and outer components of the
buildings and forced them to fit to the new conditions.
In the developed countries, results of the escape
from centers were handled seriously and the
centers were revitalized.
In Istanbul also a functional change is observed, especially
in the residential buildings. This study investigated
this process of transformation through a research
project conducted in the southern part of the
Istanbul Historical Peninsula (old city center). Historical
peninsula of Istanbul has experienced considerable
change in recent years. This transformation
began mainly from the residential areas close to Sultanahmet,
the most touristic district of Istanbul and in
other residential areas where tourism is a prioritylike
Cankurtaran.
In this study, functional changes and differentiation
of user profiles around Istanbul old city core are
investigated and survey shows that, the majority of
the ground floors of the buildings are used for residential
commercial, tourism, and atelier functions.
The ratio of empty, unoccupied buildings in the area
is also high. Since most of the ground floors are
used for commercial purposes, the use of residential
areas on the upper floors has increased and their
use for commercial reasons decreased. From this
sample, the land use of the research area was divided
into 4 different sub-groups: Tourism, Residential,
Manufacturing and Trade Areas.
The research revealed two sources of this change.
The first is that a transformation took place as the
municipality decided to move the small manufacturing
facilities outside the district. The result of this decision
has been the growth of unoccupied buildings in
the old city center of Istanbul. These buildings have
been constructed as residence but have lost their
functional, structural and even environmental characteristics
because they were transformed to manufacturing
facilities.
Although the aim of the municipality is to transform
these evacuated buildings into residential use once
again, the initial stage of such a transformation cannot
be reported because the evacuation of the area
has not yet been completed and some of the manufacturing
facilities are still operational. It appears that
the transformation of the district is problematic and
that more time is needed to complete the transformation
process.
The second reason is the unplanned transition from a
residential area to an area essentially serving tourism
(hotels and pensions), and the corresponding transition
in commerce from textiles to leather and carpets
to support the tourist industry. The biggest transformation
in the research area is from housing to other
sectors. The houses and empty buildings in the research
area have been transformed into commercial
buildings and tourism facilities. Commercial buildings
are also transforming so that they accommodate
tourism sector rather than targeting the needs of the
residents of the neighborhood. The residential stock
present in the district has been rapidly depleted, and
the number of residents in the area has begun to decrease
as a result. The area is gradually gaining a
business center character and thus negatively affecting
the residents. The data collected in this research
show that the role of tourism in the process of inner
city transformation and it is possible to renovate the
buildings for touristic purposes. The physical and
economic future of the buildings can be extended by
this approach and they will therefore survive longer.
However it is important to carry on the vitality of
community and the residential population in particular
should be encouraged to remain in the area. This
would prevent this area from becoming a 'ghost
town' at the end of working day.
Çorum İli, Kargı İlçesi'ne bağlı Hacıhamza Beldesi içinde çalışma alanı olarak seçilen Kale Mahallesi'nin; sınırları, kentsel dokusu, anıtsal yapıları, geleneksel sivil mimarlık örnekleri ve ...özellikleri ile, sosyal yapı özellikleri açısından değerlendirilmesi yapıldığında, geleneksel "Anadolu Kenti" görünümünü günümüze kadar koruduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Cami, han, hamam ve sıbyan mektebinin oluşturduğu nüvenin etrafında şekillenen kentsel doku, bu odağın etrafında gelişip, günümüzdeki Hacıhamza yerleşimini oluşturmuştur. Geçmiş yıllarda yapılan imar planı çalışmaları ve kültür ve tabiat varlıklarının korunmasına yönelik alınan kararlara bakıldığında, 1970'li yıllarda hazırlanmış olan imar planının hala yürürlükte olduğu, tek yapı bağlamında tescil edilmiş yapılar ve Hacıhamza Kalesi'nin çevrelediği alanın SİT alanı ilan edilmesi dışında
herhangi bir koruma çalışmasının yapılmadığı görülmektedir.
Gerçekleştirilen alan çalışması sonucunda hazırlanan, analiz ve öneri projeleri ışığında belirlenen koruma kararları, müdahale ve yeniden kullanım önerileri yoluyla Hacıhamza Beldesi, Kale Mahallesi'nin niteliklerini
kaybetmeden gelecek nesillere aktarılması için izlenmesi gereken yol belirtilmektedir. Sonuç olarak, Hacıhamza Beldesi, tarihsel süreci ve gelişimi ele alındığında, geleneksel Anadolu yerleşiminin niteliklerini taşıması ve kendine has kentsel oluşumu ile hiç kuşkusuz kültür mirasımız içinde yerini almıştır.Mevcut kültür varlıkları ve gelişmeye müsait potansiyeli nedeniyle, mevcut dokunun korunması ve canlandırılması, beldenin ve belde sakinlerinin sosyal, ekonomik, ve kültürel konularda gelişmesini sağlayacaktır.
Kale Mahallesi (The Castle District) in Corum Hacihamza, has been chosen as the subject of the practice. The boundary of area, urban texture, monumental buildings, examples of traditioal civil architecture and social structure properties has been analised according to the criterias of urban conservation.
The the town has been developed around the nucleus, embodied by the mosque, inn (caravansarai), turkish bath and the childrens' school (sıbyan mektebi). The properties of Traditional Anatolian Town, can easily be seen in the settlement as the narrow street structure, gardens with pointing trees and masonry ground levels of the houses closed to the outside. With the castle building, laterly integrated with the houses, the town has gained the unique view of a castle - city. Although the town's master plan and individual conservative desicions have been made in late 1970's, neither the revisional master planning nor master conservation plan has been generated after that date. After the land study, the analysis and proposal maps projected in order to develop the survey, intervention and re-use proposal projects. In conclusion, with its historical background and traditional properties of the urban texture, Hacihamza has taken
its place in the cultural heritage. Conservation and vitalization of the historic urban structure, will produce new expansions in social economical and cultural progress of Hacihamza and its residents.
Küçük Anadolu kentlerinden biri olan Kula, mekân dizimi (space syntax) yöntemiyle incelenmektedir. Kula, 1900'ler ve 1930'lar arası, 1930'lar ve 1970'ler arası ve 1970'ler ile 2000'ler arası olmak ...üzere üç döneme ayrılarak incelenmiştir. Mekân dizim analizi, bir yerleşimin açık alanlarını, en kamusaldan özele doğru hiyerarşik bir sıraya dizerek bu hiyerarşik yapı üstüne insanların birbirleriyle teklifsizce bir araya gelme potansiyeli olan mevki ve hareket kanallarını anlamak başta olmak üzere, toplumsal kontrol ve mahremiyet üstüne yorum yapmamıza olanak verir. Bu makalede, Kula küçük kentinin, fiziksel ve sosyal nirengi noktaları olan dini yapıların, çeşmelerin ve tanımlı açık alanların bu hiyerarşik dizilimdeki konumlarına odaklanılmaktadır.
Kula is a historical small town in Aegean Anatolia, which has been under preservation since the 1980s. This paper analyzes the morphology of Kula in order to understand the transformation of its spaces that are considered to be public. These spaces are the social and spatial landmarks of the town, which are the old mosques and churches, the common open spaces, and the public fountains that were closed in the 1970s. By employing the space syntax analysis developed by the group led by Bill Hillier and Julianne Hanson, Kula is examined in three time periods in the 20th century. The first period is between the 1900s and the 1930s, the era that when Kula still manifested the formal characteristics of an Ottoman town. The second period is between the 1930s and the 1970s, the era when the new public institutions and the Izmir-Ankara highway were built. The third and the last period is between the 1970s and the end of the 20th century. This is when the preservation regulations were implemented on the town and it is also the time frame when Kula grew twice its size of the 1960s.
This document responds to that need, providing a discussion of the various approaches that can be followed in urban heritage preservation, as well as recommendations on those that are most ...appropriate given the circumstances of region.
An evaluation of the demonstration Urban Conservation Project (UCP) produced by WGBH, Boston's public television station, is presented. The project, released under the title "If You Live in a City, ...Where Do You Live?", seeks to link the value systems represented by the predominantly rural American conservation ethic with the plight and future of the cities and the people who inhabit them. The first chapter describes the background of the UCP and its curriculum unit, including details about its film and activity card components. Chapter 2 contains a history of the project from its conception in 1966 until its release in 1970 while the following section describes the participation of public officials and interested citizens in the five evaluation cities--Rochester, New York; Louisville, Kentucky; Saginaw, Michigan; Sacramento, California; and Honolulu, Hawaii. Chapter 4 deals with the classroom use and acceptance of the curriculum unit, including problems relating to its introduction. The final chapter records summary findings and recommendations, followed by an appendix of documents relevant to the project and its evaluation. (Author)
Context and background: This paper explores the intersection of smart cities and urban preservation models. The concept of smart cities is rapidly gaining momentum as a way to improve efficiency, ...sustainability, and livability of urban areas. However, the pursuit of these goals can sometimes conflict with the need to preserve historic and culturally significant urban areas. Main goal and objectives: This paper examines how smart city technologies can be integrated with urban preservation models to create sustainable and liveable cities while also preserving their unique character and cultural heritage. Methodology: It discusses case studies of cities that have successfully implemented such integration, as well as challenges and opportunities for future implementation. Mauritius, like many other countries, is exploring the concept of smart cities as a means to enhance its urban infrastructure and improve the quality of life for its citizens. Smart cities leverage technology and data to optimize various aspects of urban life, including transportation, energy management, public services, and environmental sustainability. While smart cities present numerous opportunities for Mauritius, they also come with their fair share of challenges. Results: The paper examines the challenges and opportunities of the development of smart cities in the Mauritian context. It concludes that smart cities and urban preservation models can complement each other, and that their integration can lead to a more harmonious and sustainable urban future. By integrating smart city technologies and urban preservation models, cities can create a harmonious balance between technological advancement, sustainability, and the preservation of historical and cultural heritage.
Book Reviews
Annals of the Association of American Geographers,
12/1/1994, Letnik:
84, Številka:
4
Book Review
Recenzirano
Book Reviewed in this article:
Historical Geography of Crop Plants: A Select Roster. Jonathan D. Sauer.
Reviewed by Karl S. Zimmerer
Faith in a Seed. Henry David Thoreau.
Reviewed by George P. ...Malanson
Risk and Survival in Ancient Greece: Reconstructing the Rural Domestic Economy. Thomas W. Gallant.
Reviewed by Karl W. Butzer
At Odds with Progress: Americans and Conservation. Bret Wallach.
Reviewed by John C. Hudson
Tropical Deforestation: Small Farmers and Land Clearing in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Thomas K. Rudel with Bruce Horowitz.
Reviewed by Eugene Parker
Terrains of Resistance: Nonviolent Social Movements and the Contestation of Place in India. Paul Routledge.
Reviewed by Lakshman Yapa
Ultimate Security: The Environmental Basis for Political Stability. Norman Myers.
Reviewed by Tim Beach
The Slow Plague: A Geography of the AIDS Pandemic. Peter Gould.
Reviewed by Gary W. Shannon
Place, Migration and Development in the Third World: An Alternative View. Lawrence A. Brown.
Reviewed by Roy Ryder
Revolt of the Provinces: The Regionalist Movement in America, 1920-1945. Robert L. Dorman.
Reviewed by Steven D. Hoelscher
Place and the Politics of Identity. Michael Keith and Steve Pile, eds.
Reviewed by Heidi J. Nast
World Trade Since 1431: Geography, Technology and Capitalism. Peter J. Hugill.
Reviewed by William H. McNeill
Urban Landscape: International Perspectives. J. W. R. Whitehand and P. J. Larkham, eds.
Reviewed by Michael P. Conzen
Regional Innovation and Decentralization: High Tech Industry and Government Policy. Ulrich Hilpert, ed.
Reviewed by S. L. Brian Ceh
Boundaries of Home: Mapping for Local Empowerment. Doug Aberley, ed.
Reviewed by Peter H. Herlihy
Book Reviews
Annals of the Association of American Geographers,
December 1994, Letnik:
84, Številka:
4
Book Review
Recenzirano
Book Reviewed in this article:
Historical Geography of Crop Plants: A Select Roster. Jonathan D. Sauer.
Reviewed by Karl S. Zimmerer
Faith in a Seed. Henry David Thoreau.
Reviewed by George P. ...Malanson
Risk and Survival in Ancient Greece: Reconstructing the Rural Domestic Economy. Thomas W. Gallant.
Reviewed by Karl W. Butzer
At Odds with Progress: Americans and Conservation. Bret Wallach.
Reviewed by John C. Hudson
Tropical Deforestation: Small Farmers and Land Clearing in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Thomas K. Rudel with Bruce Horowitz.
Reviewed by Eugene Parker
Terrains of Resistance: Nonviolent Social Movements and the Contestation of Place in India. Paul Routledge.
Reviewed by Lakshman Yapa
Ultimate Security: The Environmental Basis for Political Stability. Norman Myers.
Reviewed by Tim Beach
The Slow Plague: A Geography of the AIDS Pandemic. Peter Gould.
Reviewed by Gary W. Shannon
Place, Migration and Development in the Third World: An Alternative View. Lawrence A. Brown.
Reviewed by Roy Ryder
Revolt of the Provinces: The Regionalist Movement in America, 1920–1945. Robert L. Dorman.
Reviewed by Steven D. Hoelscher
Place and the Politics of Identity. Michael Keith and Steve Pile, eds.
Reviewed by Heidi J. Nast
World Trade Since 1431: Geography, Technology and Capitalism. Peter J. Hugill.
Reviewed by William H. McNeill
Urban Landscape: International Perspectives. J. W. R. Whitehand and P. J. Larkham, eds.
Reviewed by Michael P. Conzen
Regional Innovation and Decentralization: High Tech Industry and Government Policy. Ulrich Hilpert, ed.
Reviewed by S. L. Brian Ceh
Boundaries of Home: Mapping for Local Empowerment. Doug Aberley, ed.
Reviewed by Peter H. Herlihy
With rapid urbanization in recent decades, more and more urban renewal has taken place in China. Meanwhile, the early developed areas without change have become old towns, which need special ...attention in future city planning. However, other than field surveys, there is no specific method to identify old towns. To fill this gap, we used time-series image stacks established from Landsat Surface Reflectance Tier 1 data on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, facilitated by Global Urban Boundary (GUB), Essential Urban Land Use Categories (EULUC) and Global Artificial Impervious Area (GAIA) data. The LandTrendr change detection algorithm was applied to extract detailed information from 14 band/index trajectories. These features were then used as inputs to two methods of old town identification: statistical thresholding and random forest classification. We assessed these two methods in a rapidly developing large city, Hangzhou, and subsequently obtained overall accuracies of 81.33% and 90.67%, respectively. Red band, NIR band and related indices show higher importance in random forest classification, and the magnitude feature plays an outstanding role. The final map of Hangzhou during the 2000–2018 period shows that the old towns were concentrated in the downtown region near West Lake within the urban boundaries in 2000, and far fewer than the renewed areas. The results could serve as references in the provincial and national planning of future urban developments.
This paper focuses on reactions to the modernization and hygienist plans that transformed the city centre of Florence during the last quarter of the nineteenth century. Particular attention is paid ...to the Associazione di Difesa di Firenze Antica, founded in 1898 to counter the second phase of the risanamento (sanitary planning) of the historic centre, and in close collaboration with the foreign communities living in the city. The protest against the destruction of ancient buildings gave rise to a new awareness, with the notion of heritage going beyond individual monuments to include the city as a whole. The article studies both the arguments advanced and the political and cultural context which were favourable to the preservation of the old urban fabric. Beyond conservation, the fight to save Florence provided an opportunity to outline an urban project based on the historical analysis of the existing buildings and the enhancement of local characteristics. The specificities of Florence - one of the first 'art cities', considered in the peninsula to be the Athens of Italy and linked early on to international tourism - made it one of the laboratories of a heritage urbanism linked to the international Art Public movement.
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