Preservation of heritage in the Arab world is a subject of extensive investigation. Different urban and architectural heritage preservation projects took place in the Arab world. These projects apply ...different polices and follow either the American or the European schools of heritage preservation or a hybrid of both. Unfortunately, the majority of these projects are not guided by a unified set of international laws. This study seeks to investigate the presence of an Arabic school for heritage preservation using novel methodologies by reviewing and analyzing 14 urban and architectural heritage preservation projects in African and Asian Arab countries. That were chosen from the reliable documented and governmental preservation projects in the last 20 years following certain selection criteria. The projects included six urban, and ten architectural heritage preservation projects. The researchers can freely say that there is no Arab school for heritage preservation, and there are different limitations with the heritage preservations in its current form. The researchers suggested a number of recommendations to overcome such constraints, enable heritage investment, and take into account aspects of heritage site management in order to achieve sustainability.
Based on a case study on Miami Beach’s acclaimed iconic art deco architectural district, this article critically dovetails intersecting hegemonic spaces of preservation, memorial practices and social ...and sexual identities. It argues how commemorative narratives are selectively encrypted in the local urban environment and its artefacts deemed of historical significance. It especially reveals the tensions arising between art deco (i.e. architectural) preservation and gay (i.e. social) urban preservation, as well as its under-studied largely entrepreneurial nature and attraction for a mainstream, cosmopolitan class under neoliberalism. Drawing from extensive archival, policy, observational, participatory and interview data over 2013–2015, the article revisits in historical perspective how the art deco area, incarnated in the 1920s, developed across class-, ethnicity-, religion- and age-inflected social fragmentations and how this legacy, from the late-1970s onward, segued into the local gay-led preservation movement and select commemorations of the art deco scene. To this background, the study employs the tenet of ‘queerying’ to address the under-researched coalescing frictions in preservation between perceived authentic and engineered trajectories of (gay) place (re)makings alongside reminiscences selected over others. The findings uncover and challenge (un)intentional ‘(un)rememberings’ of the local early history and the recent past, where socially fragmented fault lines and the more recent gay-led preservation track remain overly homogeneously imprinted in dominant preservation communications and performance.
本文基于对迈阿密海滩著名地标式装饰艺术建筑区的案例研宄，批判性地衔接了遗产保护、纪念 活动以及社会身份和性向这些相互交叉的霸权空间。文章分析了在当地城市环境以及被视为具有 历史意义的人造物中，纪念性叙事是如何被选择性地编码的。文章尤其揭示了装饰艺术（即建筑 ) 保护与同性恋（即社会）城市保护之间出现的种种张力，也揭示了迈阿密海滩尚未得到充分研 宄的重要企业家城市性质，以及在新自由主义语境下其对主流的世界主义者阶层的吸引力。本文 利用2013-2015年间广泛的档案、政策、观察、参与和采访数据，从历史视角重新考察了上世纪 20年代建成的装饰艺术区如何在受阶层、族裔、宗教和年龄影响的社会碎片化中发展，以及这 一遗产自上世纪70年代末以来如何继续演化，形成当地由同性恋者主导的保护运动和对装饰艺 术场景的选择性纪念活动。在这一背景下，文章秉承“酷异化”信条，讨论了一个尚未得到充分研 宄的问题：城市保护中真真假假的（同性恋）场所（重新）营造轨迹与选择性回忆之间逐步汇合 的摩擦。研宄结果揭示并质疑了对当地早先历史和近期历史有意或无意的回忆/遗忘。在近期的历 史中，无论是社会碎片化的断层线，还是近来的同性恋主导式保护行动，其占主导的保护沟通和 行为表现都明确烙上了同质化的印记。
Designating parts of the city’s protected areas that are worthy of preservation has been part of urban-planning practice in Europe since at least the 1970s. Such efforts drew on post-war ...reconstruction planning, which had already addressed questions of which parts of historic city centers were worth preserving or rebuilding. However, the influence of reconstruction planning on the will to preserve historical city centers has so far been under-researched. The central concern of this article is to understand the reconstruction process not only as a moment of planning but also as an instance of inheritance and preservation. Close consideration of Vienna shows that the reconstruction period offered new opportunities, including some for the preservation movement. By designating buildings and entire Altstadt-Inseln (“old town islands”) as worth preserving, an attempt was made to influence the planning process. A review of historic maps and written documents shows how early cartographic and written heritage records guided not only the reconstruction process but also the longer-term development of the city. By exploring the discourse on preservation and repair that was carried out as part of reconstruction planning in Vienna, this article illustrates the consequences of this negotiation process and the ascription of value to monuments and ensembles, which formed the basis for the preservation of “Old Vienna” in the 1960s and 1970s and can still be traced today.
Vulnerability is a big issue for small inland urban centres, which are exposed to the risk of depopulation. In the climate of the centre-northern part of Italy, and in the context of the recent ...concentration of a high number of earthquakes in that area, seismic vulnerability can become the determinant cause of the final abandonment of a small town. In some Italian regions, as well as in Emilia Romagna, municipalities are implementing seismic vulnerability reduction policies based on the Emergency Limit Condition, which has become a basic point of reference for ordinary land planning. This study proposes an approach to seismic vulnerability reduction based on valuation planning for implementation within the general planning framework of the Faentina Union, a group of five small towns located in the southwestern part of the Province of Ravenna, Italy. This approach consists of three main stages: knowledge—the typological, constructive, and technological descriptions of the buildings, specifically concerning their degree of vulnerability; interpretation—analysis with the aim of outlining a range of hypotheses with respect to damage in case of a prospective earthquake; and planning—the identification of the courses of action intended to meaningfully reduce the vulnerability of buildings. This stage includes a cost modelling tool aimed at defining the trade-off between the extension and the intensity of the vulnerability reduction works, given the budget.
This book collects selected high-quality papers published in 2018–2020 to inaugurate the “Natural Hazards” Section of the Geosciences journal. The topics encompass: trends in publications at ...international level in the field of natural hazards research; the role of Big Data in natural disaster management; assessment of seismic risk through the understanding and quantification of its different components; climatic/hydro-meteorological hazards; and finally, the scientific analysis and disaster forensics of recent natural hazard events. The target audience includes not only specialists, but also graduate students who wish to approach the challenging, but also fascinating
Sustainable production besides economic, energetic, and environmental aspects should consider social and cultural features of the territory in which it relies. This occurs above all for agriculture ...that is intrinsically related to the territory. Today, the territory as a landscape represents a complex eco-system (subjects, communities, traditions, cultures, and specific agricultural systems) and a valuable vehicle for art and history and it is also a strategic asset to defend and promote with environmental policies. The topic of urban preservation and regeneration has been increasing by opening up to other factors such as the engagement of local communities and the contribution they can give toward the development of the identity and the symbolic universe of every community especially for historic territories. The main research question of this study is: Can historic territories be described as the landscape of a complex eco-system able to support a new cultural policy? In addition, which type of connections between physical resources and the virtual-cultural ones of that landscape are strategic assets for promoting historic territories? This theoretical manuscript is oriented toward improving territorial policies. In more details, it tries to develop a new model to reach a “global community of creativity” as a bridge between the networks of historic territories, which is meant as roots of variety to transfer to future generations, and between local and global quality in an emergent landscape. In order to reach this new model, the local community and ecosystem capabilities require a multi-level connection among both art, science, and culture as well as nature, technology, and civic capability. The result is that the new model is able to share common goods, which are both internal and external. Following this path, it is urgent to develop policies in an emergent perspective that are able to combine artistic, ecological, environmental, and cultural assets. In particular, the goals are to: (i) explore the complex value of territorial contexts that develop/evolve from both a medium-term and long-term point of view that is not described by Gross Domestic Product (GDP) standard indicators, (ii) reach the suggestion of a continuous re-articulation of sectors of knowledge proposed by cultural resources, and (iii) highlight that cultural marketing is involved in the interpretation and transmission within a large network of participants, users, institutions, markets, virtual, and territorial places. The starting point is identified as the landscape of historic territory, but an important achievement will be to transfer the main results to other territories by studying specific case histories of urban and non-urban landscapes.
This paper focuses on the historic core of Mostar in general, and the Old Bridge in particular, and attempts to trace this city’s unique experience to rebuild and revitalize itself after a ...particularly destructive series of armed conflicts. Just as its preservation before the war was exemplary, Mostar’s destruction during the painful dissolution of the Yugoslav Federation proved to be an example of human destruction at its worst. The city’s devastation became a symbol of backwardness and ethnic strife in the Balkans. The destruction of the Old Bridge, in turn, came to be regarded as an attack on a multi-cultural Bosnia in general, and Mostar in particular with its Ottoman, Mediterranean and western-European architectural features. Mostar’s postwar situation, particularly as it pertains to the city’s architectural heritage, is considerably more complex than what many interpretations would have us believe. It seems that Mostar’s (and by extension, Bosnia’s) multiculturalism can be better understood if one accepts that some antagonism is necessarily present in any multicultural society. Indeed, greater insight into cities such as Mostar would be gained if they are taken not as sites of “positive tolerance” but those of “competitive sharing and antagonistic tolerance.” Methodologically, the study takes a panoptic view of numerous local and international institutions’ efforts, and evaluates them based on the expectations and exigencies of local residents. The article’s conclusions are articulated at several different, but interrelated levels: implications regarding the local populace, implications for cities that may have issues similar to that of Mostar, and lastly, implications for disciplines which focus on issues of urban regeneration, housing renovation, and the revitalization of old neighborhoods.
This article examines how the structure of local political representation defines the interest of political actors and affects the outcomes of urban preservation. Although urban preservation is ...proposed as a strategy of community development in two Chicago neighborhoods (Pilsen and Bronzeville), the outcomes vary significantly. The author argues that the distinct boundaries of aldermanic power play a critical role in shaping the policy process of landmark designation. Aldermanic prerogative gives each alderman veto power over the preservation initiatives in his or her ward. The preservation initiatives within one ward are more likely to receive political support than those across multiple wards. By revealing the mismatch of boundaries between wards and community areas, the study demonstrates the negative impact of political fragmentation on urban preservation.
This paper outlines the history of preservation in situ as practised in London over the last hundred and fifty years. It touches upon the early development of the City of London and the destruction ...of significant remains, which gradually lead to a heightening of sensitivities and public concern for preservation, particularly of built fabric such as the Roman defences. The role of cases such as the Walbrook Mithraeum and Rose Theatre are discussed, both influential in changing the relationship between development and archaeology. The paper concludes by noting how much we have learnt from past mistakes, but notes that more can be done to make these sites more accessible.
This article explores urban preservation in the Chinese context. Using three historic districts across China, the author analyzes the gap between insiders' and outsiders' understanding of ...authenticity and of collective memory and its spatial representations. The article argues that what is needed is a culturally sensitive narrative approach which incorporates the public history perspective into urban preservation.
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