Prispevek proučuje problematiko spremljanja rezultatov učenja v organizacijskem kontekstu in poskuša ponuditi odgovor na vprašanje, zakaj in kako na organizacijski ravni spremljamo učinkovanje ...načrtovanega učenja na uspešnost. S pomočjo pregleda literature na področju poslovnih ved avtor sistematizira razprave in ugotavlja, da pri tem zaradi kompleksnosti in zahteve po uporabi različnih metodoloških prijemov še vedno obstaja veliko nesoglasij. Kljub temu meni, da je spremljanje nujno, saj je prvi pogoj za identifikacijo pomembnih točk dela, pojasnjuje pričakovanja vodstva do zaposlenih in spodbuja njihovo kreativnost. V sklepu avtor poudarja, da je pri spremljanju treba poznati kontekst organizacije, proces načrtovanega učenja in njegove rezultate pa je treba spremljati večdimenzionalno ter na več ravneh. Pri tem je nujno ohraniti enostavnost izvedbe spremljanja in razumljivost ugotovitev.
Patient falls deteriorate patients' functional condition and quality of life, and increase their treatment costs. E-learning is considered an effective way to gain knowledge and competencies for ...quality and safety in nursing practice. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of an e-learning course for nurses in preventing in-patient falls.
The research design was mixed. In the first phase of the study, a five-year retrospective analysis of 2,280 in-patient falls was performed. Based on the analysis of risk factors for patient falls and group interviews with clinic managers an e-learning course was designed and completed by 250 nurses from five surgical and internal departments. The course's effectiveness was evaluated based on the incidence of patient falls and the consequences of the falls before and after e-learning.
At surgical departments, there was a statistically significant decrease in patient fall indices after the implementation of the e-learning course (from 4.4 to 2.6 falls per 1,000 patients; p=0.022). On the contrary, in internal departments, this index increased in the monitored period (from 19.0 to 26.9 falls per 1,000 patients; p=0.001). In all departments, there was a decrease in the incidence of patient injuries caused by falls after the implementation of the e-learning course; in internal medicine, this decrease was statistically significant (from 54.5% to 33.3%; p=0.014).
The study confirmed that e-learning forms of education for healthcare professionals have a positive effect in preventing patient falls.
Among young adults, high rates of binge drinking were observed in certain European countries. Binge drinking is associated with several health problems (unplanned pregnancy, HIV infections, problems ...with memory, and injuries). The aim of this questionnaire-based study was to measure the frequency of binge drinking and its association with sociodemographic, familial, lifestyle factors and school performance among secondary and university students (n=2449) in Csongrád County, Hungary.
In this cross-sectional study the students' sociodemographic data, parents' educational and economic level, and students' academic performance and self-reported use of tobacco, drugs, and alcohol were collected by a questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were applied using SPSS 24.0 software.
Altogether 2449 Hungarian secondary school students and university students participated in the study. Nearly one-third of the students were classified as binge drinkers, significantly more male university students. Tobacco or illicit drug use resulted in higher odds of being a binge drinker in both subgroups. Poor school performance and binge drinking were significantly correlated especially among secondary school students.
Targeting alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use together, including education, parent interventions, and public health policies, are crucial in the prevention of possible serious consequences.
Evidence on long-term effectiveness and cost effectiveness of treatment sequences for multiple myeloma (MM) is sparse. We used published data and country-specific data to assess the cost ...effectiveness of four-line treatment sequences for elderly transplant-ineligible patients with MM in Serbia.
We developed a Markov cohort model to compare long-term effectiveness and cost effectiveness of five sequential MM treatment alternatives from the perspective of the national healthcare provider. Effectiveness parameters on progression, mortality and adverse events were extracted from published clinical trials. Costs were based on price lists of the National Health Insurance Fund. We compared life expectancy, costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios among alternative courses of action. The model was analyzed over a lifelong time horizon applying a 3% annual discount rate for effectiveness outcomes and costs. Robustness of the model was tested in multiple deterministic sensitivity analyses.
The sequences were defined by the frontline treatment: MPT (melphalan-prednisone-thalidomide), MPV (melphalanprednisone-bortezomib), CTD (cyclophosphamide-thalidomide-dexamethasone), VCD (bortezomib-cyclophosphamidedexamethasone) and BP (bendamustine-prednisone). MPV sequence resulted in the highest remaining life expectancy (4.76 life years). Cost-effectiveness analysis resulted in three non-dominated strategies: MPT, VCD, and MPV sequences, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of EUR 35,300 per life-year gained (LYG) for VCD and EUR 47,200/LYG for MPV relative to MPT.
MPV sequence was the most effective in terms of life expectancy for elderly transplant-ineligible MM patients in Serbia. Bortezomib-based strategies would be recommended for the frontline treatment of patients with MM in Serbia if the willingness-to-pay threshold is around EUR 35,000-60,000/LYG.
We investigated early spontaneous colonisation patterns during semi-dry grassland restoration at two sites in SE Austria. The sites were left to regenerate passively without addition of plant ...propagules on a former arable field and an apple orchard. The sites were prepared only by ploughing (arable field) or clear cutting (apple orchard) and subsequently mowed annually. We studied whether, four years after project initiation, target species from adjacent semi-dry grasslands had established at the restored sites. We asked: 1) Does passive restoration lead to the establishment of target species? 2) Do abiotic parameters or distance to reference sites explain early colonisation patterns? 3) Do plant traits predict the colonisation success of different species? At each site, we collected data in 4 m × 4 m plots, in which we sampled the vegetation, analysed abiotic parameters (soil potassium- and phosphorus-content, soil-pH, slope) and recorded the minimum distance to the reference site. We tested for correlations between abiotic variables, plant traits and colonisation success. Colonisation patterns were not driven by abiotic soil conditions but rather by nearest distance to the reference sites. In addition, the vegetation developed differently in the former arable field and the apple orchard. Competitive species of the Arrhenatherion and thermophilic ruderal associations dominated the early restoration stage at both sites. Passive restoration of semi-dry grasslands on former agricultural land is unlikely to succeed unless complemented by initial ploughing, nutrient stripping and addition of propagules of rare species.
Preučevali smo vzorce zgodnje naselitve vrst med obnovo polsuhih travišč na dveh lokacijah v jugovzhodni Avstriji. Travišča smo prepustili pasivni obnovi brez vnosa propagul na nekdanjo obdelano površino in sadovnjak jablan. Obe površini smo predhodno obdelali tako, da smo polje preorali, sadovnjak pa posekali in nato kosili vsako leto. Po štirih letih od začetka projekta smo spremljali, ali se na obnovljenih površinah pojavljajo tarčne vrste s sosednjih polsuhih travišč. Zanimalo nas je: 1) Ali pasivna obnova omogoča naselitev tarčnih vrst? 2) Ali lahko z abiotskimi dejavniki ali oddaljenostjo ciljnega travišča razložimo vzorce zgodnje naselitve? 3) Ali lahko z rastlinskimi znaki napovemo uspešnost naselitve različnih vrst? Na vsaki lokaciji smo postavili poskusne ploskve 4 m × 4 m, kjer smo vzorčili vegetacijo, abiotske dejavnike (vsebost kalija in fosforja v tleh, pH tal, naklon) in izmerili minimalno oddaljenost od ciljnega travišča. Testirali smo korelacijo med abiotskimi dejavniki, rastlinskimi znaki in uspešnostjo naselitve vrst. Vzorci kolonizacije so bolj odvisni od bližine ciljnega travišča kot pa od abiotskih dejavnikov tal, poleg tega se je vegetacija razvijala drugače na nekdanji njivi kot v sadovnjaku. Na obeh rastiščih so v zgodnjih fazah obnove prevladovale konkurenčno uspešnejše vrste zveze Arrhenatherion in termofilnih ruderalnih združb. Pasivna obnova polsuhih travišč na nekdanjih obdelovanih površinah bo verjetno neuspešna brez predhodnega oranja, odstranjevanja hranil in dodajanja propagul redkih vrst
Prispevek prinaša spoznanja o pomenu izobraževanja starejših odraslih za uspešno mentorstvo. Na kratko sta poudarjena pomen starejših odraslih in njihovega izobraževanja v sodobni družbi. Opredeljeno ...je mentorstvo kot oblika v izobraževanju starejših odraslih. Posebej pa smo se posvetili značilnostim, ki označujejo učinkovitega mentorja, kadar gre za skupinsko mentorstvo in v njem sodelujejo kot mentorji in kot mentoriranci starejše odrasle osebe. Izkazalo se je, da so mentorji kot vodje usmerjeni tako v doseganje ciljev kot tudi v vzdrževanje dobrih odnosov v skupini. Posebej se zavedajo tudi pomena stalnega lastnega profesionalnega razvoja ter evalvacije in samoevalvacije svojega mentorskega dela.
Učna uspešnost učencev, učenk, dijakov in dijakinj (nadalje učencev) je odvisna od mnogih dejavnikov, notranjih in zunanjih, med katerimi so tudi taki, na katere imajo lahko pomemben vpliv učitelji ...in starši. Vprašanje je, ali učitelj zna oz. vsaj skuša odgovoriti na vprašanje: Kaj lahko jaz, kot učitelj naredim, da bodo učenci (pri mojem predmetu) učno uspešnejši? V prvem delu prispevka je izpostavljenih le nekaj možnosti iz obstoječe literature (predvsem slovenskih avtorjev), ki jih ima učitelj na razpolago, da pozitivno vpliva na učenčev razvoj, na njegov odnos do dela v šoli, na njegovo učno uspešnost. V drugem delu je predstavljena analiza ankete, ki je bila izvedena ob zaključku šolskega leta v sodelovanju z učenci francoščine, z namenom, da bodo na podlagi pridobljenih rezultatov, učiteljevi pristopi v razredu (vodenje razreda, sodelovanje s starši, komunikacija z učenci, struktura in težavnost nalog, nudenje ustrezne povratne informacije, preverjanje znanja) pripomogli k povečanju notranje motivacije za učenje francoščine.
Konceptualizacija urbanega menedžmenta že od svojih začetkov v delih Johna Rexa (1968), Raya Pahla (1970, 1975, 1979) in Petra Williamsa (1976, 1978) ni koherentna, vse bolj pa tudi presega meje ene ...discipline. Urbani menedžment so poskušali definirati številni avtorji, vendar ni nikoli prišlo do enotne opredelitve. Po mnenju Richarda Strena (1993) urbanega menedžmenta dejansko nikoli niti niso poskušali definirati, in to kljub primerjalnemu in analitičnemu delu na področju te poddiscipline. Tako do danes ni znan odgovor na Williamsovo (1978) vprašanje, ali gre pri urbanem menedžmentu za predmet, proces ali strukturo. V prispevku je predstavljena (re)konceptualizacijo urbanega menedžmenta v okviru modernizacije mestne uprave oziroma njene naloge, da v mestu ustvari zelo potrebno ravnotežje med družbenim in ekonomskim razvojem. Poleg tega so predstavljeni izsledki raziskave »Urbani menedžment v mestih v Evropski uniji (EU)«, ki implicirajo, da mesta v Evropski uniji pogosto delujejo po principih urbanega menedžmenta. Pri preverjanju, ali implementacija predlaganega modela urbanega menedžmenta pozitivno vpliva na nekatere indikatorje (ali indekse) uspešnosti, je mogoče ugotoviti, da večje ko je mesto, več dejavnikov urbanega menedžmenta uporablja; bolj ko je mesto ekonomsko uspešno (lizbonski benchmark), več dejavnikov urbanega menedžmenta uporablja, in da moč mesta (indeks moči) ni povezana z indeksom urbanega menedžmenta, kar lahko pomeni, da avtonomija mestne oblasti ni pomembna za reformiranje mestne uprave. Na podlagi empirične analize je mogoče da sklepati, da koncept urbanega menedžmenta, kot je predstavljen, obstaja in ima pozitiven vpliv na nekatere vidike delovanja mesta.
Izobraževanje je kompleksna struktura različnih procesov, v katerih se dinamično prepletata tako formalno kot neformalno izobraževanje. Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti, kakšen vpliv imajo različne ...oblike neformalnega izobraževanja na uspeh učenja tujega jezika na jezikovnih tečajih. Analiza rezultatov kaže, da so vplivi pomembni in da tečajniki, ki se več neformalno izobražujejo, dosegajo boljše rezultate v primerjavi s tistimi, ki se manj. Raziskava prinaša pomembna dognanja o vplivih neformalnega izobraževanja na uspešnost učenja. Ugotovitve kažejo, da imajo pri učenju tujega jezika različne oblike neformalnega izobraževanje pomemben vpliv na učinkovitost andragoškega cikla, zato ga je treba vanj vključiti v večji meri.
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