Este estudio reporta el proceso de validación psicométrica mediante análisis confirmatorio y análisis descriptivo del Enright Forgiveness Inventory-30 (EFI-30), una medida del grado de perdón ...interpersonal, versión corta, en español. El EFI-30 se tradujo de la versión original en inglés y se administró a una muestra de 623 mujeres y hombres españoles con una edad media de 29 años (DE = 14.65). Los participantes respondieron a un cuestionario sociodemográfico, el EFI-30, el Item de Perdón y la medida de deseabilidad social de Crowne-Marlowe, también en la versión corta en español. Los resultados confirmaron la estructura de 6 factores en el EFI-30 y correlaciones positivas con la medida de perdón. No se encontraron correlaciones con la deseabilidad social. También presentamos resultados significativos en la comparación de medias entre las escalas internas de EFI y el análisis del dolor por género. La discusión sustenta que el EFI-30 en español es válido y fiable para su uso en investigación y en el ámbito profesional.
In some fields of research, psychologists are interested in effect sizes that are large enough to make a difference to people’s subjective experience. Recently, an anchor-based method using a global ...rating of change was proposed as a way to quantify the smallest subjectively experienced difference—the smallest numerical difference in the outcome measure that, on average, corresponds to reported changes in people’s subjective experience. According to the method, the construct of interest is measured on two occasions (Time 1 and Time 2). At Time 2, people also use an anchor-item to report how much they experienced a change in the construct. Participants are then categorized as those who stayed the same, those who changed a lot, and those who changed a little. The average change score for those who changed a little is the estimate of the smallest subjectively experienced difference. In the present study, I examined two aspects of the method’s validity. First, I tested whether presenting the anchor-item before or after the Time 2 outcome measure influences the results. The results suggest that any potential influence of the anchor-position, assuming there is an influence, is likely to be small. Second, I examined the anchor-item’s validity correlations when the delay between Time 1 and 2 is one day to also see if the pattern is similar to past research where the delay was two and five days. The observed pattern of validity correlations was very similar. I note directions for future research.
Narrative competence has been defined as a bridge between oral and written language, given that it is acquired before children formally learn to read. This competence has shown to be a relevant ...factor in reading comprehension and school learning. This study examines the narrative comprehension task proposed by Paris and Paris (2003) and adapted in Chile by Silva et al. (2014) to detect changes in the development of this skill in a purposive sample of 172 Chilean preschoolers aged 2-4 years (121) and 4-6 years (51), 52% of whom were girls. The children, who resided in areas with an average vulnerability index of 86%, attended 9 subsidized private schools in the Metropolitan Region (72% of the sample) and 6 municipal schools in the BioBío Region (29% of the sample). Results show the tool’s structural validity, differential functioning by sex, and adequate internal consistency. Furthermore, the tool exhibits developmental sensitivity, yielding different results according to student age or educational level. The availability of instruments of this type makes it possible to identify children’s progress in this domain and organize pedagogical work to enhance their learning in early childhood education.
Dijital çaǧin gelişimiyle birlikte işletmelerde dönüşüm faaliyetlerinin hizla gerçekleştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Yöneticiler için dijital dönüşümün nasil gerçekleştirileceǧi ve iyi tanimlanmiş bir ...dijital dönüşüm stratejisinin nasil uygulanacaǧi merak konusudur. Amaç: Bu çalişmada geleceǧin vizyonu olarak görülen dijital dönüşümün nasil gerçekleştirileceǧi konusunda işletmelere yol haritasi sunulmaya çalişilmaktadir. Aynca akademisyen ve araştirmacilar için sonraki çalişmalarda kullanilmasi amaciyla dijital dönüşüm ölçeǧinin Türkçe uyarlamasinin geçerliliǧi ve güvenilirliǧi araştirilmiştir. Yöntem: Bu kapsamda dijital dönüşümün gerçekleştirilme nedenlerine, sürecine, karşilaşilan zorluklar ve çözüm önerilerine, dijital dönüşüm stratejisine, dijital olgunluk düzeyleri, dönüşümün sürdürülebilirliǧi ve uygulama örneklerine yer verilmiştir. Veri toplama araci olarak anket kullanilmiş ve veri analizinde SPSS 24 ve AMOS 24 programlan kullanilmiştir. Araştirma ihracat firma yöneticileri üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Örnekleme yöntemi olarak yargisal ve kartopu örnekleme tercih edilmiştir. Bulgular: Açiklayici ve doǧrulayici faktör analizi sonucunda ölçeǧin orijinal formu doǧrulanmiştir. Güvenilirlik testi Cronbach alfa deǧeri, yapi geçerliliǧi, birleşim ve ayrişim geçerlilik deǧerleri uygun bulunmuştur. Özgünlük: Çalişmanin, işletmelerin dijital dönüşümü gerçekleştirme çabalarinda yol gösterici olmasi açisindan ve ölçeǧin Türkçe olarak akademik literatürde ilk uyarlama çalişmasi olmasi nedeniyle özgün olduǧu ifade edilebilir.
Introduccion: La memoria visual se define como la habilidad para recordar imagenes visuales en forma de objetos eventos o palabras. Investigaciones previas en ninos con dificultades de aprendizaje se ...han centrado principalmente en la relacion entre la memoria visual y el fracaso escolar. Objetivos: Desarrollar una prueba de memoria visual usando imagenes de objetos familiares y determinar sus valores normativos y evidencias de validez en una poblacion de ninos que padecen dificultades de aprendizaje ademas de un grupo control. Metodos y procedimientos: Un total de 330 ninos participaron en este estudio (7-14 anos), 190 padecian algun tipo de dificultad de aprendizaje y 140 no tenian ningun diagnostico. La memoria visual fue evaluada usado una prueba (VMTSP) basada en las figuras de Snodgrass que evaluo la memoria a corto, largo plazo y el reconocimiento. Tambien se utilizo la figura compleja de Rey y el Hooper Visual Organisation Test. Resultados: Los resultados de las tres variables del VMP-SP difirieron significativamente en ninos con dificultades de aprendizaje del grupo control. Las puntuaciones fueron influenciadas por la edad (con un mayor porcentaje de respuestas correctas proporcionadas por los ninos de mas edad), el genero, el nivel educativo de la madre y el habitat. Finalmente se encontro una correlacion moderada con otras pruebas de memoria visual. Conclusiones: VMT-SP es una nueva herramienta clinica para la evaluacion de la memoria visual. Se ha presentado evidencia de su validez concurrente y su aplicabilidad en la evaluacion de ninos que padecen dificultades de aprendizaje. Palabras clave Memoria Visual; Dificultades de Aprendizaje; Neuropsicologia; Ninos. Introduction: Visual memory can be defined as the ability to recall visual images in the form of objects events or words. Previous neuropsychological research on Learning Disabilities (LD) involving visual memory has been focused particularly on children who present nonverbal LD, and their scholar underachievement. Objective: This study aims to develop a visual memory test using recognisable objects and to determine their normative values and validity in a population of children with LD and in a control group. Methods and procedures: A total of 330 children participated in this study (7-14 years), 190 suffered of some kind of LD and 140 did not have any diagnosis. Visual Memory was assessed using a test (VMT-SP) based on Snodgrass Pictures (Snodgrass & Vanderwart, 1980) composed of a short-term, long-term and a recognition assessment. Rey Complex Figure Test (RCFT) and Hooper Visual Organisation Test (HVOT) were used to assess validity. Results: Short-term, long-term recall and long term recognition differed significantly between the LD children and the control group. Moreover, the scores were influenced by the age of the children (with a higher percentage of correct answers being given by the older children), gender, habitat and mother's level of education. Finally, the test results were associated with other measures of visual memory. Conclusions: VMT-SP is a new clinical tool for assessing visual memory. We present evidence of its concurrent validity and applicability in the evaluation of children with LD. Keywords Visual Memory; Learning Disabilities; Neuropsychology; Children.
In recent years, psychology has wrestled with the broader implications of disappointing rates of replication of previously demonstrated effects. This article proposes that many aspects of this ...pattern of results can be understood within the classic framework of four proposed forms of validity: statistical conclusion validity, internal validity, construct validity, and external validity. The article explains the conceptual logic for how differences in each type of validity across an original study and a subsequent replication attempt can lead to replication “failure.” Existing themes in the replication literature related to each type of validity are also highlighted. Furthermore, empirical evidence is considered for the role of each type of validity in non-replication. The article concludes with a discussion of broader implications of this classic validity framework for improving replication rates in psychological research.
En el presente trabajo se explora la fiabilidad y la validez de la versión española del Sistema de Observación del Clima Motivacional Multidimensional (MMCOS), un instrumento basado en metodología ...observacional para evaluar el clima motivacional creado por los entrenadores deportivos desde el modelo propuesto por Joan L. Duda en el 2013, el cual integra la Teoría de las Metas de Logro y la Teoría de la Autodeterminación. Se llevaron a cabo diferentes análisis para conocer la fiabilidad interobservador, las características de los datos obtenidos, la estructura factorial del instrumento y el potencial predictivo del MMCOS sobre la intención de los jugadores de abandonar la siguiente temporada. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 36 entrenadores varones de fútbol base, cada uno de los cuales fueron filmados durante un entrenamiento y evaluados a través del MMCOS, y 293 futbolistas varones de las categorías alevín e infantil que completaron un cuestionario para evaluar su intención de abandono. Los resultados, que en términos generales indicaron fiabilidad satisfactoria y ofrecieron evidencias de validez, se discuten en torno a las características del instrumento de observación.
The present study explores the plausibility of measuring personality indirectly through an artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot. This chatbot mines various textual features from users' free text ...responses collected during an online conversation/interview and then uses machine learning algorithms to infer personality scores. We comprehensively examine the psychometric properties of the machine-inferred personality scores, including reliability (internal consistency, split-half, and test-retest), factorial validity, convergent and discriminant validity, and criterion-related validity. Participants were undergraduate students (n = 1,444) enrolled in a large southeastern public university in the United States who completed a self-report Big Five personality measure (IPIP-300) and engaged with an AI chatbot for approximately 20-30 min. In a subsample (n = 407), we obtained participants' cumulative grade point averages from the University Registrar and had their peers rate their college adjustment. In an additional sample (n = 61), we obtained test-retest data. Results indicated that machine-inferred personality scores (a) had overall acceptable reliability at both the domain and facet levels, (b) yielded a comparable factor structure to self-reported questionnaire-derived personality scores, (c) displayed good convergent validity but relatively poor discriminant validity (averaged convergent correlations = .48 vs. averaged machine-score correlations = .35 in the test sample), (d) showed low criterion-related validity, and (e) exhibited incremental validity over self-reported questionnaire-derived personality scores in some analyses. In addition, there was strong evidence for cross-sample generalizability of psychometric properties of machine scores. Theoretical implications, future research directions, and practical considerations are discussed.
Background: Dietary intake is an important determinant of health. Its adjustments can improve the overall risk for noncommunicable diseases, especially for patients with obesity. Dietary assessment ...tools are commonly used to measure selfreported habitual energy intake (EI) and the overall diet. However, these tools are affected by voluntary and unvoluntary misreporting. Therefore, a preference for technology-based approaches has emerged. SNAQ is an image-based food recognition app. It has been developed to remotely measure dietary intake with a real-time transfer of data. Its validity in the measurement of EI has not been reported yet. The DLW methods is the gold standard for assessment of average daily energy expenditure (EE) in free-living conditions. It is commonly used to test the validity of other dietary assessment tools. Methods: Dietary intake was recorded for seven days with SNAQ in 30 study participants with and 30 without obesity. Urine samples for DLW analysis were obtained with a two-point protocol. Participants captured before and after pictures of each dietary item. Pictures were automatically uploaded, dietary items and portion sizes were estimated by a trained deep-learning model, and energy, macro-, and micronutrients were calculated. Paired t-tests, mean differences, linear correlations, and Bland-Altman limits of agreement were performed. Results: EI was mostly underestimated by SNAQ when compared to the DLW method. However, underestimation of EI by SNAQ correlated with the changes in body weight during the study week. Conclusions: We report a low validity of this method for the measurement of energy intake in free-living, healthy-weight adult women. SNAQ underestimated total EI when compared to the DLW estimations of EE. However, SNAQ seemed to perform better in participants with obesity. Further refinement of the use of SNAQ is needed for investigation of EI in free-living conditions.
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