There is no universally agreed definition of well-being as a subjective experience, but Huppert and So (2013) adopted and systematically applied the definition of well-being as positive mental ...health-the opposite of the common mental disorders described in standard mental health classifications (e.g., Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders). We extended their theoretical approach to include multi-item scales, using 2 waves of nationally representative U.S. adult samples to develop, test, and validate our multidimensional measure of well-being (WB-Pro). This resulted in a good-fitting a priori (48-item, 15-factor) model that was invariant over time, education, gender, and age; showed good reliability (coefficient αs .81-.93), test-retest correlation (.73-.85; M = .80), and convergent/discriminant validity based on a multitrait-multimethod analysis, and relations with demographic variables, selected psychological measures, and other multidimensional and purportedly unidimensional well-being measures. Further, we found that items from 2 widely used, purportedly unidimensional well-being measures loaded on different WB-Pro factors consistent with a priori predictions based on the WB-Pro factor structure, thereby calling into question their claimed unidimensionality and theoretical rationale. Because some applications require a short global measure, we used a machine-learning algorithm to construct 2 global well-being short versions (five- and 15-item forms) and tested these formative measures in relation to the full-form and validity criteria (to download short and long versions see https://ippe.acu.edu.au/research/research-instruments/wb-pro). The WB-Pro appears to be one of the most comprehensive measures of subjective well-being, based on a sound conceptual model and empirical support, with broad applicability for research and practice, as well as providing a framework for evaluating the breadth of other well-being measures.
Public Significance Statement
Based on a systematic and coherent theoretical approach to defining well-being, we have used state-of-the-art psychometric techniques to develop and validate a new multidimensional well-being measure (WB-Pro). The full professional version (48-items, 15-factors) is recommended for high-quality well-being research. It is also available in shorter versions (15 and 5-items) that can be utilized where is it not practical to use the full version (to download short and long versions see https://ippe.acu.edu.au/research/research-instruments/wb-pro).
Introduction Chrononutrition, or the circadian timing of food intake, has recently garnered attention as a topic of study due to its associations with health (e.g. weight gain, insulin resistance). ...Though the concept of chrononutrition has become increasingly studied in laboratory research, a valid assessment of chrononutrition patterns in daily life has not yet been developed. Methods The present study therefore aimed to develop and validate both a diary and questionnaire version of the Chrononutrition Profile which assess 6 components of chrononutrition that have been associated with poor health (breakfast skipping, night eating, eating window, evening latency, largest meal, and evening eating). Raw scores from the CP can be used in calculations to determine one’s chrononutrition categorization (good; fair; poor). Based on the nature of the data, bivariate correlations, multilevel modeling, and hierarchical regression techniques were used to evaluate test-retest reliability, convergent validity, and concurrent validity of the CP. Results The measure demonstrated evidence of test-retest reliability and convergent validity, though concurrent validity was not able to be interpreted in the present sample. Based on analyses, the final diary and questionnaire versions of the CP assess 5 components of chrononutrition: breakfast skipping, night eating, eating window, evening latency, and evening eating. Conclusion The present study has provided preliminary support for the CP. The CP may be used independently as an indicator of health risk or as a supplement to traditional dietary assessment tools. This measure will provide health care professionals, researchers, and stakeholders with a cost-effective method of evaluating chrononutrition status and identifying targets for health improvement. Support (If Any) None
•The present study statistically embodied the psychometric structure of DASS-21.•The convergent validity of DASS -21 was examined in two ways.•The current study statistically investigated the ...discriminant validity of DASS-21.•The present study statistically examined the nomological validity of DASS-21.
Previous validity studies of Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were limited by yielding poor factor loading values and eventually skipping the critical process addressing convergent, discriminant, and nomological validity. Without the crucial process, it was risky that past studies insisted DASS-21 be ready for use. Therefore, the current study examined DASS-21 regarding the three kinds of validity to determine if DASS-21 can be further used in the future.
The current study formulated a CFA model (i.e., modified one-factor model) of DASS-21, which yielded factor loading values over β = 0.70 and estimated a latent variable of Psychological Distress by employing indicators of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress. The data collection was conducted at two universities in the U.S. and South Korea in November 2016 (N = 255). The study participants completed an online survey developed with DASS-21. With the collected data, the present study investigated the convergent, discriminant, and nomological validity of the modified one-factor model of DASS-21 through CFA.
The model fit of the modified one-factor model was complete as saturated. The convergent validity coefficient of Psychological Distress was 0.87, and average variance extracted of the variable was 0.68. The three correlations among the measured variables (i.e., indicators) were 0.50 < r < 0.75.
Application of the current study's findings to youth or older adults can be limited as the subjects were young adults.
The current study made substantial evidence regarding the convergent, discriminant, and nomological validity of DASS-21 through CFA.
Specifically, we expected that "online" 10 Hz rTMS of left SMG would enhance the validity effect (i.e. the RT-difference between invalidly and validly cued targets) if neuronal activity in left PMd ...had been suppressed with "offline" 1 Hz rTMS. The suppressive effect of "offline" 1 Hz rTMS over left PMd sensitized the ipsilateral SMG to the disruptive effect of high-frequency "online" rTMS:
A critical review of the literature demonstrates a lack of validity among the ten most common methods for measuring the importance of attributes in behavioral sciences. The authors argue that one of ...the key determinants of this lack of validity is the multi-dimensionality of attribute importance. Building on the notable work of Myers and Alpert (1968) Myers JH, Alpert MI. Determinant buying attitudes: Meaning and measurement. J Mark 1968;32(July):13–20, they propose that different methods measure different dimensions of attribute importance and, more specifically, what methods measure which specific dimensions. A re-examination of existing research reveals convergent and nomological validity among methods that are proposed to measure the same dimensions of attribute importance and discriminant validity between methods that are proposed to measure different dimensions of attribute importance. Acknowledging the multi-dimensionality of attribute importance substantially reduces the apparent lack of validity reported in the literature and forms an important first step enabling practitioners and scholars to improve the validity of attribute-importance measurement.
Nutrient profiling (NP) is a method for evaluating the healthfulness of foods. Although many NP models exist, most have not been validated. This study aimed to examine the content and ...construct/convergent validity of five models from different regions: Australia/New Zealand (FSANZ), France (Nutri-Score), Canada (HCST), Europe (EURO) and Americas (PAHO). Using data from the 2013 UofT Food Label Information Program (n15342 foods/beverages), construct/convergent validity was assessed by comparing the classifications of foods determined by each model to a previously validated model, which served as the reference (Ofcom). The parameters assessed included associations (Cochran–Armitage trend test), agreement (κ statistic) and discordant classifications (McNemar’s test). Analyses were conducted across all foods and by food category. On the basis of the nutrients/components considered by each model, all models exhibited moderate content validity. Although positive associations were observed between each model and Ofcom (all P
trend<0·001), agreement with Ofcom was ‘near perfect’ for FSANZ (κ=0·89) and Nutri-Score (κ=0·83), ‘moderate’ for EURO (κ=0·54) and ‘fair’ for PAHO (κ=0·28) and HCST (κ=0·26). There were discordant classifications with Ofcom for 5·3 % (FSANZ), 8·3 % (Nutri-Score), 22·0 % (EURO), 33·4 % (PAHO) and 37·0 % (HCST) of foods (all P<0·001). Construct/convergent validity was confirmed between FSANZ and Nutri-Score v. Ofcom, and to a lesser extent between EURO v. Ofcom. Numerous incongruencies with Ofcom were identified for HCST and PAHO, which highlights the importance of examining classifications across food categories, the level at which differences between models become apparent. These results may be informative for regulators seeking to adapt and validate existing models for use in country-specific applications.
This editorial suggests moving beyond relying on the dominant logic of multiple regression analysis (MRA) toward thinking and using algorithms in advancing and testing theory in accounting, consumer ...research, finance, management, and marketing. The editorial includes an example of testing an MRA model for fit and predictive validity. The same data used for the MRA is used to conduct a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). The editorial reviews a number of insights by prominent scholars including Gerd Gigerenzer's treatise that “Scientists' tools are not neutral.” Tools impact thinking and theory crafting as well theory testing. The discussion may be helpful for early career scholars unfamiliar with David C. McClelland's brilliance in data analysis and in introducing business research scholars to fsQCA as an alternative tool for theory development and data analysis.
Construct proliferation—the accumulation of ostensibly different but potentially identical constructs representing organizational phenomena—is a salient problem in contemporary research. While a ...number of construct validation procedures exist, relatively few validation studies conduct comprehensive assessments of the discriminant validity of theoretically distinct constructs. In this article, we outline the key considerations a researcher must take into account when attempting to establish the empirical distinctness of new or existing constructs and provide a step-by-step guide on how to assess the discriminant validity of constructs while accounting for three major sources of measurement error: random error, specific factor error, and transient error. Using a number of popular measures from the leadership literature, we provide an illustrative example of how to conduct a study of discriminant validity. We include several analytic strategies in our study and discuss the similarities and differences between the results they yield. We also discuss several additional issues related to this type of research and make recommendations for conducting discriminant validity analyses.
Antecedentes: los test son los instrumentos de medida más utilizados por los psicólogos para la obtención de muestras de comportamiento de las personas, tanto en contextos profesionales como en ...investigación. El objetivo del presente trabajo es sintetizar en diez pasos los aspectos fundamentales que hay que tener en cuenta a la hora de construir un test de forma rigurosa. Método: para la elaboración de las diez fases propuestas se revisó la literatura psicométrica especializada y se actualizaron trabajos previos de los autores sobre el tema. Resultados: se proponen diez pasos para la construcción objetiva de un test: delimitación del marco general, definición de la variable a medir, especificaciones, construcción de los ítems, edición del test, estudios piloto, selección de otros instrumentos de medida, aplicación de la prueba, propiedades psicométricas y desarrollo de la versión final. Conclusión: siguiendo los diez pasos propuestos, se pueden construir test objetivos con propiedades psicométricas adecuadas apoyadas en evidencias empíricas.
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