This book is a historical analysis of the gold standard from 1880-1914 focusing on the origins and workings of the gold standard as an international system. The system functioned smoothly until the ...onset of the First World War, when the foundations began to weaken. By the end of the 1920s the gold standard had been abandoned by most countries until the disastrous attempt to revive it in the 1930s. This book is comprehensive and definitive.
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- As rumours have spread about raising duty on cars imported from abroad, private car import has experiened a significant boom.- ...Original language summary:
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Rad se bavi nekim aspektima pravne regulacije bitcoina. O bitcoinu je u posljednje vrijeme bilo dosta govora, poglavito usred zapanjujućih promjena vrijednosti te virtualne valute koja s jedne strane ...izaziva oduševljenje, a s druge budi i skepsu. Prvo se analizira pravna regulacija virtualnih valuta u pravu Europske unije. S obzirom da Europska unija za sada nije na razini svojih institucija donijela propise glede poslovanja s virtualnim valutama, naglasak se stavlja na glavna mišljenja Europske centralne banke, Europskoga nadzornoga tijela za bankarstvo, te prijedloge Europske komisije glede ove teme. Zatim se razmatra pravna regulacija u hrvatskom zakonodavstvu, te se daju neke smjernice i prijedlozi za buduću pravnu regulaciju.
Rad se bavi analizom nekih aspekata pravne regulacije bitcoina i ostalih virtualnih valuta u neeuropskim zemljama i hrvatskom zakonodavstvu. Fenomen bitcoina i ostalih kriptovaluta se ...kontekstualizira kroz ekonomsko-teorijsku prizmu te izlaže nešto osnovno o negativnim segmentima virtualnih valuta i o definiciji novca. Potom se razmatra pravna regulacija virtualnih valuta u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama pri čemu se posebno naznačuje koncept licenciranja. Zatim se ukratko izlaže o pravnoj regulaciji bitcoina i virtualnih valuta u Kanadi, Japanu i u Republici Kini, kako bi se usporedio pristup u različitim zemljama ovoj materiji. Naposljetku, izlaže se o pravnoj regulaciji virtualnih valuta u hrvatskom zakonodavstvu te se ističu prijedlozi i sugestije na tragu sustava licenciranja.
The essays in this volume are written by a distinguished and adventurous set of historians and economists who have been willing, in many cases, to step beyond their typical field of inquiry and ...explore the historical foundations of financial innovation. The essays are motivated by the need to place our current age of finanical revolution in historical perspective. The continuing process of financial innovation, as sophisticated as it may seem to most of the modern world, is in fact built on surprisingly few basic principles: the inter-temporal transfer of value through time, the ability to contract on future outcomes, and the negotiability of claims. This book traces the evolution of these basic principles of finance through 3,000 years of history - to the dawn of writing. The methodology that is used can be thought of as financial archaeology in the sense that the authors focus on primary survived financial documents to draw their conclusions such as clay tablets, notched sticks, sealed parchment and printed paper. The analysis of original documents is a means for economists to focus on the primary text, to analyze and interpret the object and to move interpretation and understanding of its relationship to modern financial instruments and markets. The result is a collection of interdisciplinary studies of the key innovations in finance from the Old Babylonion loan tablets, to the 1953 London Debt Agreement that span regions in Asia, Africa, North America and Europe.
Ever since Shaw and McKinnon published their path-breaking works on financial development in 1973, there has been extensive research on the effects of monetary and financial policies on economic ...growth of developing countries. This book puts forward a new paradigm of monetary development theory along Keynesian lines. The approach is substantiated by providing a fresh perspective on India's economic development after Independence.
Existing models fail to explain the large fluctuations in the real exchange rates of most currencies over the past twenty years. The Natural Real Exchange Rate approach (NATREX) taken here offers an ...alternative paradigm to those which focus on short-run movements of nominal eschange rates, purchasing power parity of the representative agent intertemporal optimization models. Yet it is also neo-classical in its stress upon the accepted fundamentals driving a real economy. It concentrates on the real exchange rate, and explains medium- tolong-run movements in equilibrium real exchange rates in terms of fundamental variables: the productivity of capital and social (public plus private) thrift at home and abroad. The NATREX approach is a family of growth models, each tailored to the characteristics of the countries considered. The authors explain the real international value of the US dollar relativ to the G10 countries, and the US current account. These are two large economies. The model is also applied to small economies, where it explains the real value of the Australian dollar and the Latin American currencies relative to the US dollar. The model is relevant for developing countries where the foreign debt is a concern. Finally, it is applied to two medium-sized economies to explain the bilateral exchange rate between the French franc and the Deutsche Mark. The authors demonstrate both the promise of the NATREX model and its applicability to economies large and small. Alongside the analysis, econometrics, and technical details of these case studies, the introductory chapter explains in accessible terms the rationale behind the approach. The mix of theory and empirical evidence makes this book relevant to academics and advanced graduate students, and to central banks, ministries of finance, and those concerned with the foreign debt of developing countries. Available in OSO: http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/oso/public/content/economicsfinance/0198293062/toc.html
