Vor knapp dreißig Jahren ist die Metapher „the dark sides of consumer behavior“ in die Konsumentenverhaltensforschung eingeführt worden. So setzen sich Konsumenten mit ihrem Verhalten manchmal ...wissend ins Unrecht, betrachten ihre Vergehen aber als "smarte Kavaliersdelikte". Zudem erliegen Menschen schädlichen Versuchungen und neigen zu Süchten. Schließlich agieren Verbraucher oft egoistischer oder weniger nachhaltig, als sie von sich selbst behaupten. Die Beiträge in diesem Buch knüpfen an dieses Generalthema an, widmen sich den dunklen Seiten und regen an, dass Nachfrager und Anbieter manche Verhaltensweisen überdenken und auch Gegenstrategien entwickeln sollten. Mit Beiträgen von Tilman Becker, Jonas Grauel, Andrea Gröppel-Klein, Rita Hagl-Kehl, Ludger Heidbrink, Stefan Hoffmann, Martin Klug, Jörn Lamla, Janina Loh, Kaspar Maase, Tobias Matzner, Julian Nida-Rümelin, Anja Spilski, Nathalie Weidenfeld, Marius Wuketich. About 30 years ago, the metaphor of ‘the dark sides of consumer behaviour’ was introduced in consumer behaviour research. Consumers sometimes knowingly place themselves in the wrong with their behaviour (as in the case of fraudulent returning of products, for example), but regard their misdemeanours as ‘smart peccadilloes’. In addition, people succumb to harmful temptations and tend towards addictions (e.g. in the form of gambling). Finally, consumers often act more selfishly (or less sustainably) than they claim to. The contributions in this book examine this general topic, address the dark sides of consumerism and encourage both consumers and companies to rethink some of their behaviour and also develop counter-strategies to it. With contributions by Tilman Becker, Jonas Grauel, Andrea Gröppel-Klein, Rita Hagl-Kehl, Ludger Heidbrink, Stefan Hoffmann, Martin Klug, Jörn Lamla, Janina Loh, Kaspar Maase, Tobias Matzner, Julian Nida-Rümelin, Anja Spilski, Nathalie Weidenfeld, Marius Wuketich.
Der Schutzgegenstand personenbezogener Daten gemäß Art. 4 Nr. 1 DS-GVO wird auf den Schutz der kontext-spezifischen personalen Identitäten erweitert. In Anbetracht der gleichzeitigen Realisierung ...etwa der kulturellen, wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Identität bedarf es eines spiegelbildlichen Identitätsschutzes aus dem offline-Kontext für den online-Kontext. Dies verlangt die spieltheoretisch begründete Verhandlungsfähigkeit der Bilder personaler Identitäten, damit sich der Selbstdatenschutz mit einem Mediationsagenten wirksam ausüben lässt. Demnach sollte ein iteratives „identity management by design“ zur technischen Gestaltungsanforderung werden, um dem Prinzip einer verhandlungsfähigen personalen Identität im Online-Kontext gerecht zu werden.
Wohin entwickelt sich die Konsumgesellschaft? Wie ändern sich die Einstellungen und Verhaltensweisen der Verbraucherinnen und Verbraucher? Zeichnet sich ein Wandel vom industriellen Massenkonsum zum ...individualisierten Digitalkonsum ab? Diesen Fragen widmete sich die dritte Jahrestagung des bundesweiten Netzwerks Verbraucherforschung, deren Ergebnisse der vorliegende Band dokumentiert. Tiefgreifende Transformationen in der Geschichte des Konsums, wie sie die Industrielle Revolution und die Digitalisierung darstellen, können nur durch disziplinübergreifende Forschungsanstrengungen verstanden werden. Neben den klassischen Fächern der Verbraucherwissenschaften wie Wirtschafts-, Rechts-, Politik- und Sozialwissenschaften kommen daher in diesem Band auch historiografische und kulturwissenschaftliche Perspektiven zum Tragen. Die Veröffentlichung hat zum Ziel, den Austausch aktueller Ergebnisse der verbraucherbezogenen Forschung in Wissenschaft und Politik zu fördern und den Wissenstransfer zu stärken.
Introduction. Suicide is a multidimensional problem. Observations of family history of suicide suggest the existence of a genetic vulnerability to suicidal behaviour.
Aim. Starting with a historical ...perspective, the article reviews current knowledge of a genetic vulnerability to suicidal behaviour, distinct from the genetic vulnerability to psychiatric disorders, focused on clinical and population-based studies, and findings from recent molecular genetics association studies.
Method. The review includes peer-reviewed research articles and review papers from the professional literature in English language, retrieved from PubMed/Medline and PsycINFO.
Results. The research literature confirms a existence of a genetic vulnerability to suicidal behaviour. Even though the results of individual studies are difficult to compare, genetic influences could explain up to half of the variance of the occurrence of suicide.
Conclusion. Genetic vulnerability could be a distal risk factor for suicide, which helps us to understand the occurrence of suicide among vulnerable people. Ethical implications of such vulnerability are highlighted.
Uvod. Samomor je večrazsežnostni problem. S študijami družinskih anamnez samomorilnega vedenja je bilo ugotovljeno, da bi genetska komponenta lahko vplivala na občutljivost za samomorilno vedenje.
Namen. Članek skozi zgodovinski vidik proučuje današnje poznavanje genetske ranljivosti za samomorilno vedenje, ki se razlikuje od genetske ranljivosti za psihiatrične motnje v kliničnih in populacijskih študijah ter prikazuje ugotovitve zadnjih študij molekularno genetskih raziskav.
Metoda. Strokovni pregled vključuje raziskovalne članke in poročila iz strokovne literature v angleškem jeziku, pridobljene iz PubMed/Medine in PsycINFO.
Rezultati. Pregled obstoječe strokovne literature kaže na prisotnost genetske komponente kot dejavnika tveganja za samomorilno vedenje. Čeprav je rezultate posameznih študij težko primerjati, pa lahko genetski vplivi pojasnijo tudi do polovico različnih pojavov samomorilnega vedenja.
Zaključek. Genetska ranljivost bi lahko bila distalni dejavnik tveganja za samomor, kar nam pomaga razumeti pojav samomora med osebami s tveganjem za samomorilno vedenje. S tega pogleda so zajeta tudi etična vprašanja.
Zaradi vse večjih nevšečnosti, ki jih na stanovanjskem področju povzročajo protisocialno vedenje (ang. antisocial behaviour, v nadaljevanju: ASB) in problemi v soseski, mnoge zahodnjaške vlade v ...svojih programih stanovanjske politike namenjajo nadzorovanju ASB osrednje mesto. Vendar je za spopadanje z ASB pogosto potrebno veliko političnih ukrepov. Čeprav se ASB in njegovemu nadzoru namenja veliko znanstvene pozornosti, je bil do zdaj glavni poudarek skoraj vedno predvsem na socialnih stanovanjih, pri čemer ni jasno, ali ta problem pri drugih vrstah stanovanj ne obstaja ali je tam preprosto prezrt. Članek temelji na raziskavi zasebnih stanovanjskih naselij v Hongkongu ter v njem sta preučena obseg in resnost problema ASB v zasebnih stanovanjih. Kaže, da ta problem pri stanovalcih povzroča veliko skrbi ter da se mnogi stanovalci pritožujejo nad hrupom in odlaganjem smeti v svojem bivalnem okolju. Po drugi strani ima večina stanovalcev občutek, da upravniki večstanovanjskih stavb pri reševanju teh problemov niso uspešni in da se z njimi ne spopadajo na primeren način. Upravniki se pri odzivanju na ASB spopadajo s številnimi neizogibnimi težavami, ki so posledica tega, da jih izberejo vsi lastniki stanovanj skupaj in da nimajo pooblastil za ukrepanje. Nadzorovanje nekaterih nevšečnosti v soseščinah je namreč zelo zahtevno in drago. Članek se konča s predlogom za empirično raziskavo, ki bi razložila širjenje ASB z vidika transakcijskih stroškov.
The central part of this monography explores the extent to which social influence methods, which are used to encourage individuals’ environmental awareness and overcome obstacles preventing the ...spread of environmentally friendly behavior, are successful in supporting individuals’ environmental protection tendencies, changing readiness to engage in environmentally friendly behavior, and changing their behavior itself. There is a long journey from awareness of environmental issues to actual environmentally friendly behavior, in which four basic research aspects are highlighted: the selection of behaviors that should be changed, the study of factors causing environmentally unfriendly behaviors, the use of carefully selected social influence methods in order to change environmental awareness and behavior, and a systematic assessment of their influence.It has been established that readiness to engage in environmentally friendly behavior is more strongly encouraged by internal or psychological factors of environmental behavior, whereas in addition to these the behavior itself is also influenced by external or social factors. Social influence methods, based on practical approach, which is adapted to different target groups, have proven to be a successful method, which can be also implemented in educational sistem. Young people are most receptive to changes and are an effective medium to transfer such ideas and proper behavior to seniors.
In Slovenia, quite a few researchers have studied fertility and suicide, but rarely have the connections between both phenomena been made. The author aims to overcome simplified explanations of ...falling fertility and rising suicide rates by studying population dynamics as a socially relevant issue both at the Slovenian as well as the global level. She studies fertility and suicide by focusing on the historical development of population issues, recent theoretical population analyses and demographic statistics. Fertility and suicide are analysed from the viewpoint of approaches developed in the social sciences and humanities. In the second part of the monograph, these approaches are applied to fertility and suicide trends in Slovenia and press media reports on both issues.By providing an overview of the history of studying fertility and suicide in Slovenia and abroad, the author has concluded that most approaches to fertility and suicide are grounded on the premises of the modernisation theory. Nevertheless, she was not discouraged to study alternative approaches to fertility and suicide that, according to researchers in the humanities, do not necessarily have a lower explanatory potential.
The definitive "go to" text for Master's and Doctoral level courses on behavioral intervention research. It provides comprehensive coverage of the development, testing, and implementation of novel ...behavioral interventions in service and practice settings.
This handbook provides comprehensive coverage of one of the most under-discussed and understood areas of public health research: developing, testing, and implementing novel behavioral interventions in service and practice settings. It examines the most critical issues related to behavioral intervention research in order to maximize the ability of intervention researchers to successfully implement current and future evidenced-based intervention protocols in targeted practice settings.
Reducing Adolescent Risk: Toward an Integrated Approach focuses on common influences that result in a number of interrelated risk behaviors in order to design more unified, comprehensive prevention ...strategies. Edited by Daniel Romer, this book summarizes presentations and discussions held at the Adolescent Risk Communication Institute of the University of Pennsylvania Annenberg Public Policy Center. Concentrating on common causes for varied risk behaviors, a group of leading researchers and intervention specialists from different health traditions synthesize current knowledge about risks to adolescent health in several areas, including drugs and alcohol, tobacco, unprotected sex, suicide and depression, and gambling. Primarily intended for graduate students, scholars, and researchers in psychology, sociology, social work, and public health, Reducing Adolescent Risk is also an extraordinary resource for policy makers in government organizations and foundations.
The monograph (Between Self-Fulfillment and Social Expectations: The Attitude of the University-Educated Towards Fertility) considers a wider social background of reproductive decisions in ...university-educated people stemming from the evidence about the lowest birth rates among the university-educated population. This is a sociological study despite the examination of two established approaches in studying the relationship between education and fertility within the economic theories of fertility behaviour. The monograph considers some major results of sociological, anthropological and other qualitative studies which have importantly upgraded conclusions of extensive demographic surveys on this relationship.
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