The acquisition of communicative competence in second and foreign languages requires the incorporation of verbal and non-verbal elements. Notwithstanding, few studies have performed empirical ...research into the acquisition of non-verbal signs. This research studies the learning of emblematic gestures for students of Spanish in the USA using an evolutionary analysis after instruction. Interactions between types of gestures (common, different, and unique) based on the similarities with the first language and learning mechanisms in free and guided comprehension and production tasks are taken into account. The results indicate that although the detection and production of emblems improve with instruction, the progress is unequal: the categories different and unique obtain a higher rate of improvement than common emblems in specific tasks. In conclusion, it is essential for the teaching of gestures and non-verbal communication to consider, along with the non-verbal target language code, the non-verbal mother tongue code.
Sexual communication functions as an important relational process expediating satisfying sexual experiences (Sprecher & Hendrick, 2004). Much of the existing literature on sexual communication ...concerning sexual pleasure biases verbal communication (Babin, 2012). This study adds to the existing research regarding patterns of communication surrounding sex and during sex through qualitative analysis. Further, this inquiry focused on participants’ full histories, rather than their tendencies within any current relationship. We analyzed 78 qualitative interview transcripts from participants between the ages of 18 and 69. Participants reported a reluctance to communicate anything but pleasure, discomfort, or dislike during sex to avoid discouraging their partners. Though participants reported a perception that communicating pleasure served as encouragement and affirmation to their partners, most preferred to communicate pleasure nonverbally. Some participants reported a tendency to communicate pain or dislike verbally. Some preferred communication about sexual topics only before or after sexual activities. Participants shared that a high level of comfort with their partner increased sexual communication. How sexual partners communicate sex not only affects pleasure but can only affect intimacy between partners and health. This adds to the scant literature on nonverbal communication during sex and some people’s preference for that style (Blunt-Vinti et al., 2019).
Le travail stratégique — ou strategizing — est difficile à saisir, en particulier lorsque l’on en cherche les manifestations en dehors des réunions de dirigeants explicitement organisées à cet effet. ...Dans ce papier, nous nous demandons si le concept d’épisode stratégique (Hendry et Seidl, 2003), une des unités d’analyse proposée pour résoudre cette difficulté, permet effectivement l’étude d’une grande variété de manifestations du strategizing. Pour y répondre, nous nous appuyons sur une revue systématique de la littérature et dégageons des pistes de recherche afin que ce concept puisse réaliser son plein potentiel. Les implications de ce papier visent à aider les chercheurs à mieux saisir le strategizing dans toutes ses manifestations.
Cette étude se propose de décrire les spécificités linguistiques et les dynamiques d’usage des phraséologismes pragmatiques à fonction expressive. Après avoir explicité les critères définitoires de ...cette sous-catégorie de phraséologismes, nous observerons leur fonctionnement à l’aune d’une étude de corpus qualitative menée sur des données orales ou médiées. Les premiers résultats montrent que le sens et la fonction pragmatique des occurrences observées sont conditionnés par les éléments constitutifs du contexte d’énonciation, mais aussi par les choix combinatoires qu’effectue le locuteur, notamment dans la sélection des constituants périphériques qui accompagnent l’emploi du phraséologisme.
Daily conversation’s pragmatic phraseological units with expressive function: specificities and use.
This study aims to describe the linguistic specificities and usage patterns of daily conversation’s pragmatic phraseological sequences with an expressive function. After explaining the definition criteria of this subcategory of phraseological units, we will observe their functioning in the light of a qualitative corpus study conducted on oral or mediated communication data. The first results show that the meaning and the pragmatic function of the observed phraseological units are conditioned by the constitutive elements of the interaction context, but also by the lexical choices made by the speaker, especially in the selection of the peripheral constituents which are used with the phraseological units.
People spontaneously produce gestures during speaking and thinking. The authors focus here on gestures that depict or indicate information related to the contents of concurrent speech or thought ...(i.e., representational gestures). Previous research indicates that such gestures have not only communicative functions, but also self-oriented cognitive functions. In this article, the authors propose a new theoretical framework, the gesture-for-conceptualization hypothesis, which explains the self-oriented functions of representational gestures. According to this framework, representational gestures affect cognitive processes in 4 main ways: gestures activate, manipulate, package, and explore spatio-motoric information for speaking and thinking. These four functions are shaped by gesture's ability to schematize information, that is, to focus on a small subset of available information that is potentially relevant to the task at hand. The framework is based on the assumption that gestures are generated from the same system that generates practical actions, such as object manipulation; however, gestures are distinct from practical actions in that they represent information. The framework provides a novel, parsimonious, and comprehensive account of the self-oriented functions of gestures. The authors discuss how the framework accounts for gestures that depict abstract or metaphoric content, and they consider implications for the relations between self-oriented and communicative functions of gestures.
The disparity in the amount and quality of language that low-income children hear relative to their more-affluent peers is often referred to as the 30-million-word gap. Here, we expand the literature ...about this disparity by reporting the relative contributions of the quality of early parent-child communication and the quantity of language input in 60 low-income families. Including both successful and struggling language learners from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, we noted wide variation in the quality of nonverbal and verbal interactions (symbol-infused joint engagement, routines and rituals, fluent and connected communication) at 24 months, which accounted for 27% of the variance in expressive language 1 year later. These indicators of quality were considerably more potent predictors of later language ability than was the quantity of mothers' words during the interaction or sensitive parenting. Bridging the word gap requires attention to how caregivers and children establish a communication foundation within low-income families.
Éditorial St-Pierre, Josée; Tremblay, Maripier; Reboud, Sophie
Revue internationale P.M.E,
01/2021, Letnik:
34, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Nos préoccupations réelles pour les questions climatiques, la protection de l’environnement ainsi que certaines contraintes liées à la réduction des coûts de production nous ont amenés à prendre une ...décision responsable. Cette rubrique sera dorénavant composée de deux parties : les comptes rendus de lecture : il s’agit d’une discussion analytique, d’une prise de recul suite à la lecture d’un ouvrage par un chercheur expert du domaine et qui sera insérée dans le numéro en cours ; les entrevues d’auteurs : elles prendront la forme d’un entretien filmé, en toute simplicité, avec l’auteur d’un ouvrage (en format court) ou d’un entretien retranscrit par écrit sous forme de conversation. Nous exprimons ainsi nos vifs remerciements : aux auteurs pour nous soumettre des articles permettant d’enrichir les connaissances du domaine et qui acceptent de se soumettre aux exigences du processus d’évaluation afin de clairement mettre en valeur leur contribution selon les standards élevés de la RIPME ; aux évaluateurs pour leur temps et disponibilité et surtout, pour leur participation à la conversation « savante » qu’ils engagent de façon courtoise et bienveillante avec les auteurs pour repousser encore plus les frontières des connaissances ; aux directeurs de recherche et aux responsables de laboratoire pour le soutien qu’ils accordent aux jeunes chercheurs en formation et en quête d’expérience sur le difficile, mais passionnant métier de chercheur ; aux organisateurs d’événements scientifiques qui valorisent le français dans la langue de communication et de publication !
Background: Communication among trauma team members while a patient is assessed and managed in the trauma bay (TB) is vulnerable to errors. Examples of miscommunication include misunderstanding, ...parallel conversations and a hesitation to speak up, which may negatively affect patient care. We used the trauma nontechnical skills (T-NOTECHS) scale to identify communication gaps during assessment and management of severely injured trauma patients in the TB and develop strategies to improve team performance. Methods: Two reviewers independently assessed nontechnical skills of team members for 55 trauma activations at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre through video footage. Team performance was measured by the T-NOTECHS scale across 5 domains: leadership; cooperation and resource management; communication and interaction; assessment and decision-making; and situation awareness and coping with stress. Secondary outcomes looked at number of call-outs (CO), closed-loop communications (CLC) and parallel conversations. Team perception of communication was also collected. Results: Injury Severity Score (ISS) was used as a measure for trauma severity. A case with an ISS score of 16 was considered to be more severe. ISS was 16 in 37% of cases. A Kruskal-Wallis test showed a statistically significant difference between the mean ranks of the 5 T-NOTECHS domains (p < 0.001). Post-hoc Dunn pairwise tests were used to compare all pairs of domains. Communication and interaction had a significantly lower score (p < 0.001, adjusted using the Bonferroni correction) compared with all other domains. No other domains were statistically significantly different from one another. More severe cases tended to score a higher median number on secondary outcomes. Cases deemed to be more severe had 6 (interquartile range IQR 5-10) COs, 8.5 (IQR 5-13.75) completed CLCs and 2 (IQR 1-3.75) incomplete CLCs. Less severe cases had 4 (IQR 2.25- 7) COs, 5 (IQR 3-8) complete CLCs and 1 (IQR 0-2) incomplete CLC. Alternatively, there were more parallel conversations in less severe cases compared with more severe cases (2 IQR 1-4.75 and 1 IQR 0-3), respectively. Sixty-six questionnaires were completed by team members. Overall, there was a slightly positive impression on current communication and presence of CLC (1 IQR 0-3); however, there was also a desire for better standardized CLC within trauma team interactions (2 IQR 0-4). Conclusion: A lower communication score in the tool was identified, caused by incomplete CLCs and parallel conversations. This is reflected in the survey results, which emphasized the need for improved CLC. Future initiatives will include CLC training using the prebriefing checklist before patient arrival, in situ simulations, trauma team video reviews and a mandatory educational video on crisis resource management for all incoming trainees. Sustainability and cultural change will be addressed in further plando-study-act (PDSA) cycles.
Raziskovalno vprašanje (RV): Kateri so dejavniki verbalne in neverbalne komunikacije na delovnem mestu, ki vplivajo na organizacijsko klimo in uspešnost organizacije? Namen: Namen tega članka je ...raziskati področje celovitega razumevanja verbalnega in neverbalnega komuniciranja v organizacijah. Metoda: Raziskavo smo izvedli s komparacijo treh člankov, ki so bili napisani v angleškem jeziku. Rezultati: V raziskavi je bilo ugotovljeno, da je dobra verbalna in neverbalna komunikacija v organizaciji ključnega pomena za dobro organizacijsko klimo in posledično tudi doseganje postavljenih ciljev organizacije. Ugotovili smo, da je razlog večine konfliktov na delovnem mestu prav napačna verbalna komunikacija. Ko verbalno komuniciramo moramo uporabiti preprost, neposreden in celovit jezik, komunikacija pa mora biti specifična, kratka in neposredna. Zavedati se moramo tudi pomembnosti neverbalnih kretenj in drže, saj te prenesejo skoraj 93 % sporočila. Organizacija: Učinkovita verbalna in neverbalna komunikacija v organizaciji močno vplivata na delovanje organizacije, saj je od načina komunikacije in izmenjave informacij odvisno zadovoljstvo zaposlenih, ki posledično vpliva na doseganje rezultatov v organizaciji. Družba: Primerna in vljudna komunikacija doprinese k večjemu zadovoljstvu in učinkovitosti vodij, sodelavcev in strank. Originalnost: Originalnost raziskave je v tem, da smo se osredotočili na vpliv in vzpodbudo posameznikov, da bi pristopili k razumevanju pomembnosti pravilne komunikacije in kulturnim razlikam, ki bi jih obravnavali na ustrezen način. Omejitve/nadaljnje raziskovanje: V raziskavi smo bili omejeni na tri tuje članke in za nadaljevanje raziskave predlagamo primerjavo večjega številka člankov, da bodo rezultati bolj relevantni.
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