Detailed drawings of traditional houses among 34 ethnic populations in India's northeast illustrate that each house-type is different. These houses are changing but nevertheless remain an important ...marker of cultural identity.
In the extreme northwest of the Algerian territory the Traras Mountain the vernacular architecture of the houses is facing natural and human threats. with its loss, a synthesis of traditional rural ...life, imminent. This article is aimed at identifying and recording the characteristics of traditional vernacular architecture in housing to safeguard the knowledge and promote community awareness with respect to this architectural resource, thereby providing a context for future conservation work. The study involved an architectural survey to identify and document the architectural resources of the Traras mountains vernacular rural buildings. The survey included collection of relevant historical and geographic information, building description and analysis together with other data relating to spatial and functional organisation, construction methods and materials. The final product of this study is a conservation-support plan detailing all the characteristic features of the Traras mountains rural vernacular buildings.
The paper is an addendum to the paper entitled “Ancient vernacular architecture: characteristics categorization and energy” that was published at “Energy and Buildings” in 2010 1. This addendum ...provides an explicit list of 114 codes representing vernacular architectural regions across the whole globe defined by climate, culture and continent. Codes are intended to support work in analyzing and memorializing vernacular building characteristics that otherwise may be lost. This addendum will be an important and useful resource for analyzing and studying vernacular architecture.
Old Rauma is a Finnish medieval town. It was founded in the 15th century and although it went through several modifications, it maintained significative features of medieval Nordic urbanism and ...vernacular architecture. Buildings mostly consist of logs-timber structures, even if there are also few cases of stone constructions; dwellings are usually simple volumes composed of a stone cellar, a first main floor and an attic, that is used for ventilation and secondary domestic activities. The wood is the most used material and slabs, floors, doors, windows, finishing and decorations are made of it. People still live in traditional dwellings or use them with other functions. Some significant changes were necessary to adapt the buildings to the modern lifestyle: although some of them were quite modifying, the upgrades are often operated by using traditional techniques, materials and by maintaining the most relevant architectural features. Thank to this habit, Old Rauma is one of the largest and most important examples of Nordic traditional architecture. This text will present the results of 2 months of direct field research, by explaining the work methodology, its results and some considerations about them. The analysis has been conducted during a traineeship at Tammela Centre (Rauma) and it has been carried out by visual surveys, bibliographical researches, active participation to seminars and activities, photographical cataloguing and through interviews with local professionals, experts and inhabitants.
The 12 Historical Villages of Portugal, located on the border between Serra da Estrela and Spain, are a remarkable piece of Portuguese history. However, these villages have been deeply impacted by ...the increasing issue of depopulation, aging, and abandonment. While this phenomenon is not limited to these villages, there are certainly unique factors that contribute to the tension between maintaining the historical significance of the villages and addressing the everyday needs of the local. In the particular context of the buildings that still withstand, mostly in the central areas of the villages, many of those who insist on remaining in this territory end up abandoning the stone houses inside the villages and migrating to new buildings built in their surroundings.
Despite its valuable symbolic capital (for its environmental, landscape and heritage potential), the tourism sector is clearly not the sole answer as its revenue to the local economy proves to be insufficient for the essential material, social and economic balance that attracts and fixes the population.
The issue of unattractiveness in these villages is multifaceted. A key factor contributing to this problem is poor housing conditions, which fail to provide residents with the comfort they deserve. This lack of comfort also results in misguided interventions that mischaracterize the existing heritage, leading to a further devaluation of the symbolic capital of these communities.
Considering this context and in articulation with the SDG11, it is imperative to establish solid bases for interventions in existing buildings that allow reconciling the need for adequate comfort levels with the protection of the landscape and heritage legacy, which incorporate innovation in terms of sustainability of materials and energy expenditure, with an alliance of ancestral knowledge with innovation in efficient water management, but also that pay attention to environmental, social, economic sustainability with beneficial impact on society and territory. These bases must also incorporate an adaptation to climate change that affects both the landscape and the comfort conditions inside the existent buildings.
•Ventilation of China's Southern Yangtze Dwellings is evaluated numerically.•Validated methods coupled with measurements and simulations are proposed.•Typical atrium forms are generated by ...measurements and statistical analysis.•Atrium promotes wind effect, stack effect and buffering according to conditions.•This study provides knowledge for modern building design with atrium ventilation.
The Southern Yangtze Dwellings in South China, have cultivated unique spatial typologies that utilize atrium for natural ventilation in the long-term adaptation to the complex climate of hot summer and cold winter (HSCW), which is of great value to be identified and verified. Therefore, this study presents numerical investigation of natural ventilation in atria of Southern Yangtze Dwellings using a validated Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) model. The Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) modeling approach with the RNG k-ε turbulence model is used for the numerical simulation performed in OpenFOAM. Three architecturally typical forms, namely, the semi-encircled atrium, the centralized atrium and the symmetric atrium are generated by means of drone photography, online modeling and statistical data analysis. A series of CFD simulations as well as horizontal comparison and diachronic analysis of these geometric models are conducted to determine the ventilation mechanism, wind structure and thermal environment in and around the buildings. The findings of the current research give quantitative evidence of the effectiveness of the natural ventilation strategies of atrium under circadian and seasonal situations, and moreover contribute to a comprehensive knowledge for designing modern climate responsive buildings with optimum ventilation function.
Se analizan casos de vivienda entregadas por organismos estatales y la ampliación mediante autoconstrucción por familias migrantes de la etnia aymara, en conjuntos construidos desde 1990 hasta 2020, ...en búsqueda de cambiar la ¡dea de pertinencia cultural en las políticas de vivienda social en Chile. Abstract The following article addresses the reality of urban Aymara living in the city of Arica in the extreme north of Chile. Al mismo tiempo, se tomaron en consideración las políticas públicas en materia de vivienda social y la inclusión formal de la ¡dea de progresividad, a partir de 1990 y sus posteriores perfeccionamientos, los que se manifestaron en la creación de sucesivos programas como lo son el Fondo Solidario de Vivienda, la Vivienda Social Dinámica sin Deuda, el Fondo Solidario de Elección de Vivienda, entre otros. El pueblo aymara y la vivienda social El pueblo aymara chileno, habita tradicionalmente en los espacios geográficos de valles altos y altiplano, en las actuales regiones de Arica y Parinacota y Tarapaca. Esta, siguiendo una tipología reconocible en toda la zona macro andina se compone de volúmenes aislados de planta rectangular, construidos en adobe sobre una fundación de piedras y con una estructura de techos a dos aguas de madera y paja. El más importante de estos volúmenes construidos es la cocina, espacio central de la vida en la uta; junto a esta se pueden encontrar otros espacios destinados exclusivamente a dormitorios, los que dependiendo del tamaño y situación económica de las familias, pueden ser diferenciados entre adultos y niños. La pertinencia cultural como variable en materia de vivienda para familias aymaras, es entonces un tema que debiese ser considerado en el diseño de políticas habitacionales específicas para esta población en la ciudad de Arica, experiencia que sería posible de extrapolar a la realidad de las 1.759.562 personas indígenas que habitan en sectores urbanos a lo largo de todo Chile.
Traditional residences are among the most important tangible cultural heritage. This paper evaluates and explores the quality of individual traditional residences and the heritage value of a complex ...of traditional residences in Western Hunan in China. The former indicates how well the external characteristics of the building are preserved, whilst the latter refers to the integration of use values, ecology principles and cultural features. Based on the survey of the selected 7 traditional villages, the authors have built a spatial database of these villages on the strength of GIS, RS and GPS techniques, and employed an architectural evaluation method to grade the exterior quality of individual traditional residences, followed by the construction of an evaluation indicator system and the use of entropy weight method to score the value of traditional residences, thereby systematically unveiling how indicators influence the value of traditional residences. The results reveal that well-preserved and prime-quality traditional residences are quite rare. Average-quality individual traditional residences outnumber other quality levels in all selected traditional villages. These villages differ in the value of their traditional residences, which is susceptible to both natural and cultural factors. Architectural elements play a dominant role, and the change in architectural form serves as an important criterion for determining whether the traditional residence in question has been transformed into a modern building. The value of traditional rural residences is mainly reflected in the authenticity of the architectural form and the building material, which are crucial to the intact pass-down of their unique architectural styles.
•Traditional residences were systematically investigated based on GIS, RS and GPS.•The quality of individual traditional rural residences was quantified and analyzed.•Well-preserved and prime-quality traditional residences are quite rare.•The entropy weight method was used to estimate the value of traditional residences.•The influencing factors of the value of traditional residences were unveiled.
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