Aqueous zinc-ion batteries are promising owing their low cost and high safety. However, their development is inhibited by the adverse side reactions that occur during battery operation, which result ...in unsatisfactory battery performance and by-product formation on the zinc anode. Here, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was combined with H2O to prepare a gel electrolyte (PAM-DMSO/H2O) to address this issue. The as-prepared gel electrolyte revealed that the introduction of DMSO reduces water activity and enhances the ionic conductivity (31.2 mS cm−1, at room temperature) and promotes zinc-ion transference number (tzn2+= 0.69). The durability of the electrolyte was tested in a symmetrical Zn//Zn cell, and the result revealed that the Zn anode could sustain long-term stability (over 2000 h) at a current density of 0.5 mA cm−1. Furthermore, the electrochemical performance of the as-prepared electrolyte and pre-intercalated Hydrated Vanadium Oxide (VOH) cathode exhibited a high reversible capacity of 559.0 mAh g−1 at a current density of 50 mA g−1 and robust cycling stability over 2000 cycles. The proposed electrolyte development strategy can open a new door to the development of flexible yet highly durable zinc-ion batteries for broad applications.
A 1.0 V 8 Gbit LPDDR4 SDRAM with 3.2 Gbps/pin speed and integrated ECC engine for sub-1 V DRAM core is presented. DRAM internal read-modify-write operation for data masked write makes the integrated ...ECC engine possible in a commodity DRAM. Time interleaved latency and IO control circuits enable 1.0 V operation at target speed. To reach 3.2 Gbps with improved power efficiency over conventional mobile DRAMs, the following IO features are introduced: Low voltage swing terminated logic drivers with VOH level calibration and periodic ZQ calibration, unmatched DQ/DQS scheme and DQS oscillator for DQS tree delay tracking. This chip is fabricated in 25 nm DRAM process on 88.1 mm 2 die area.
The effect of elevation and seasonal variations on the elemental status of sediments was investigated along a semi-arid mangrove profile in the Heart of Voh, New Caledonia. As other mangroves in the ...world, this mangrove site experienced an increase of tidal range that led to the recent colonisation of salt flats at the highest elevations landward by Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh subsp. australasica (Walp.) J. Everett. This young Avicennia stand was compared with an old Avicennia stand at lower elevations on its edge. Down the elevation profile, the sediment properties of a short Rhizophora stylosa Griff stand were compared with a taller Rhizophora stand seaward that experienced longer immersion periods. Our results show that centimetre-scale variation in elevation significantly affects all sediment properties along the semi-arid profile and induces a strong seasonal variation in reduction potential and pH at high elevations over the year. We suggest that during the dry season, the oxygenated sediments enhanced the oxidation of organic matter (OM), which led to the dissolution of Fe-S compounds and the subsequent acidification of the sediments. This in turn induced a loss of metal content (Fe, Cu Ni, Mn) compared to the sediments at lower elevation. Moreover, our results show that the accumulation of OM during the colonisation phase by Avicennia coincided with higher water content and higher total and exchangeable concentrations of N, P, Mg and K within the surface sediments than in the old Avicennia stand. The tall Rhizophora stand at the borders of the channel was characterized by an increase in elevation, denser sediments and a depletion of elements in several horizons of the depth profile compared to the short Rhizophora landward. These results provide a better understanding of i) the impact of elevation differences on major and minor elements in a semi-arid mangrove ecosystem, and ii) the changes of sediment properties mediated by a pioneer species within the early phase of succession in hypersaline mangroves.
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Due to the broadcast nature of wireless channels, overhearing plays an important role in interflow network coding in that it serves as a way to acquire the side information for the decoding of ...network-coded packets. Since overhearing only takes effect in the one-hop neighborhood of nodes, it, in turn, restricts the identification of network coding opportunities. That is, if the side information for packet decoding cannot be overheard, no coding opportunity can be identified. Hence, in this paper, we aim to relax such a restriction to further explore network coding opportunities. Specifically, we propose a virtual overhearing (VOH) technique to enable network coding when the side information cannot be obtained from traditional overhearing previously mentioned. VOH allows a node to obtain a packet sent by another node that can be two or more hops away. As a result, VOH can serve as a supplementary way for side information acquirement, thus still enabling network coding between network flows when traditional overhearing is not possible to obtain the needed side information. The additional coding opportunities brought by VOH can be translated into additional performance gains. We first analyze network coding with VOH in a simple topology and show that with VOH, network capacity could be improved by over 12% (in some situations, network throughput could be improved by 50%). Then, we conduct simulations in NS-2 to show the advantage of VOH.
Aim: To report the visual and angiographic outcomes after combination photodynamic therapy (PDT) and immunosuppression for inflammatory subfoveal choroidal neovascularisation (CNV). Methods: ...Retrospective review of six consecutive patients, five female and one male, aged 23–40 years with active subfoveal CNV secondary to posterior uveitis. Patients received either intravitreal triamcinolone or systemic immunosuppression (mycophenolate mofetil, tacrolimus) and PDT. Five patients had intravitreal triamcinolone injections and two patients were on systemic immunosuppression; all patients underwent PDT (mean two treatments). Visual acuity was measured on a 2 metre ETDRS chart and fluorescein angiograms were performed at each visit. Results: Median follow up was 15 months (range 10–31). Vision improved by a median of 13 letters in five patients and remained stable (±1 letter) in one patient. Median visual acuity improved from 20/160 at presentation to 20/40 at latest follow up (p = 0.03). There was a reduction in clinical exudation and cessation of angiographic leakage in all six patients. All interventions were well tolerated. Conclusion: Combination PDT and immunosuppression may be a useful therapeutic option for young patients with active inflammatory subfoveal CNV.
The KP Patient Safety Executive Walkarounds Program in the KP San Diego Service Area was developed to provide routine opportunities for senior KP leaders, staff, and clinicians to discuss patient ...safety concerns proactively, working closely with our labor partners to foster a culture of safety that supports our staff and physicians. Throughout the KP San Diego Service Area, the Walkarounds program plays a major part in promoting responsible identification and reporting of patient safety issues. Because each staff member has an equal voice in discussing patient safety concerns, the program enables all employees-union and nonunion alike-to engage directly in discussions about improving patient safety. The KPSC leadership has recognized this program as a major demonstration that the leadership supports patient safety and promotes reporting of safety issues in a "just culture."
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