The aim of this study was to investigate similarities and differences for 18 sports toward canoe/kayak in order to identify donorsport and/or multisports, based upon a systematic analysis of the task ...constraints per sport that are assumed to be either crucial or less important from the coaches’ viewpoint.
Descriptive survey analysis.
891 certified coaches from 19 sports valued (0–10; not important at all-very important) 15 characteristics by a questionnaire (Flemish Sports Compass) within their sport. Unique sport-profiles (discriminant analysis – DA) were constructed for 19 sports based on these characteristics. Similarities and differences between canoe/kayak and the other 18 sports were analyzed by means of MANOVAs on anthropometric, physical and motor coordination characteristics.
Cross validated DA (rcan=0.660, Wilks’ Lambda=0.564, p<0.001) showed that 72.1% of the canoe/kayak coaches were correctly assigned to their sport. For canoe/kayak seven characteristics were valued crucial; dynamic balance (8.51±1.69), core stability (8.45±2.27), pulling power (8.12±1.68), speed (7.54±2.07), endurance (7.27±2.03), stature (6.43±1.41) and rhythm (6.01±3.01). Least important characteristics were: flexibility (6.16±1.75), agility (4.27±3.10), catching (3.90±3.22), climbing (2.45±3.05), jumping (1.81±2.11), throwing (1.60±2.24), hitting (.94±1.77) and kicking (.61±1.04).
This novel approach to determine important characteristics per sport makes identifying similarities and differences between sports possible. Similarities might enlarge talent-pools for possible talent transfers. Differences can help identify sports based on complementary characteristics for the construction of broad motor development programs. From this viewpoint gymnastics can serve as potential donorsport (similarities) for canoe/kayak, while handball and tennis can subserve broad development for young canoe/kayak athletes.
Background
Back pain is a frequent health problem in the general population. The epidemiology of back pain in the general population is well researched, but detailed data on the prevalence and risk ...factors of back pain in athletes are rare.
Objective
The primary objective was to review articles about back pain in athletes to provide an overview of its prevalence in different sports and compare its prevalence among various types of sports and the general population.
Data Sources
A comprehensive search of articles published through May 2015 was conducted. Two independent reviewers searched six databases from inception (PubMed
®
, Embase, MEDLINE
®
, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO and PSYNDEX), using specifically developed search strategies, for relevant epidemiological research on back pain in 14- to 40-year-old athletes of Olympic disciplines. The reviewers independently evaluated the methodological quality of reviewed articles meeting the inclusion criteria to identify potential sources of bias. Relevant data were extracted from each study.
Results
Forty-three articles were judged to meet the inclusion criteria and were included in the assessment of methodological quality. Of these, 25 were assessed to be of high quality. Lifetime prevalence and point prevalence were the most commonly researched episodes and the lower back was the most common localization of pain. In the high-quality studies, lifetime prevalence of low back pain in athletes was 1–94%, (highest prevalence in rowing and cross-country skiing), and point prevalence of low back pain was 18–65% (lowest prevalence in basketball and highest prevalence in rowing).
Conclusion
The methodological heterogeneity of the included studies showed a wide range of prevalence rates and did not enable a detailed comparison of data among different sports, within one discipline, or versus the general population. Based on the results of this review, however, it seems obvious that back pain requires further study in some sports.
This study used instrumented paddles to obtain on-water kinetic variables of two-seater (K2) crews during sprint kayaking. A total of 74 male kayakers of various ability levels (national team: 9, ...recreational club: 38, school team: 27) comprising 39 K2 crews were recruited. Both the front and back paddlers were provided with an instrumented paddle to perform 200-m maximal effort paddling in a reservoir. Force, power, and temporal variables were extracted from the paddle data. Difference among groups were compared using a factorial Analysis of Variance. Results showed that the force, power, and temporal characteristics of the front and back paddlers were similar during maximal effort sprint kayaking. Proficient kayakers produced greater kinetic outputs than less proficient kayakers, while the coordination strategy based on timing differences at key events between the two crew members in a K2 boat was similar across ability levels. These data can be useful for coaches, sport scientists, and athletes in planning and monitoring the training.
Objective: To evaluate the influence of glass fiber reinforcements used in nautical and sports products on the flexural strength of acrylic resin. Materials and methods: Thirty thermoactivated ...acrylic resin bars (25 x 10.5 x 3.3 mm) were used. The samples were shared in 3 groups: bars with no glass fiber (control group, n = 10), bars reinforced with glass fiber and 0.18 mm thickness (group F1, n = 10) and bars reinforced with glass fiber and 0.80 mm thickness (group F2, n = 10). After 48 hours, samples were submitted to compression test in order to evaluate flexural strength. Obtained data were statistically analyzed with significance level of 5 %. Results: It was observed that the use of glass fiber effectively increased the flexural strength compared to the control group; the thickness of the glass fiber, however, did not present statistical differences. Conclusion: The use of fiber glass is a simple and cost-effective alternative to improve acrylic resin performance.KeywordsFlexural strength; Water sports; Dentures.
ABSTRACT Introduction: In Chinese windsurfing, it can be seen that although some coaches adopt relevant contents of abdominal core stability in their physical fitness training, such implementation ...does not perform its maximum potential on youngsters, mainly due to the lack of a specific protocol. Objective: Study the application of abdominal core stability training in windsurfing athletes. Methods: 14 young athletes in a windsurfing team were selected as volunteers and randomly divided into experimental control groups. A specially designed training protocol for abdominal center strengthening was added to conventional training for the experimental group. Fitness tests were performed, in both groups, before and after the intervention. The collected data were statistically analyzed and discussed. Results: The experimental group's 15m butterfly swim performance was improved by 0.25s, being 0.21s faster than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The strengthening training protocol for the abdominal core stability presented in this study may improve the ability of windsurfing athletes, helping in dynamic and static balance. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
RESUMO Introdução: No windsurf chinês, pode-se constatar que, embora alguns treinadores adotem conteúdos relevantes de estabilidade do centro abdominal em seus treinamentos de aptidão física, tal implementação não desempenha o seu máximo potencial sobre os jovens principalmente pela falta de um protocolo específico. Objetivo: Estudar a aplicação do treinamento de estabilidade do centro abdominal em esportistas de windsurf. Métodos: 14 jovens atletas em equipe de windsurf foram selecionados como voluntários, divididos aleatoriamente em grupos experimental controle. Um protocolo de treinamento especialmente desenvolvido para o fortalecimento do centro abdominal foi adicionado ao treinamento convencional ao grupo experimental. Os testes de aptidão física foram realizados, em ambos os grupos, antes e após a intervenção. Os dados coletados foram estatisticamente analisados e discutidos. Resultados: O desempenho do nado borboleta de 15m do grupo experimental foi aprimorado em 0,25s, sendo 0,21s mais rápido do que o do grupo controle (P<0,05). Conclusão: O protocolo de treino de fortalecimento para estabilidade do centro abdominal apresentado neste estudo pode melhorar a capacidade dos esportistas de windsurf, auxiliando no equilíbrio dinâmico e estático. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.
RESUMEN Introducción: En el windsurf chino, se observa que, aunque algunos entrenadores adoptan contenidos relevantes de la estabilidad del centro abdominal en su entrenamiento físico, dicha implementación no rinde su máximo potencial en los jóvenes debido principalmente a la falta de un protocolo específico. Objetivo: Estudiar la aplicación del entrenamiento de la estabilidad del centro abdominal en deportistas de windsurf. Métodos: Se seleccionaron 14 jóvenes atletas de un equipo de windsurf como voluntarios, divididos aleatoriamente en grupos de control experimental. Al grupo experimental se le añadió un protocolo de entrenamiento especialmente diseñado para el fortalecimiento del centro abdominal, además del entrenamiento convencional. Se realizaron pruebas de aptitud física, en ambos grupos, antes y después de la intervención. Los datos recogidos se analizaron y discutieron estadísticamente. Resultados: El rendimiento del nado de 15 metros mariposa del grupo experimental mejoró en 0,25s, siendo 0,21s más rápido que el grupo de control (P<0,05). Conclusión: El protocolo de entrenamiento de fortalecimiento de la estabilidad del centro abdominal presentado en este estudio puede mejorar la capacidad de los deportistas de windsurf, ayudando al equilibrio dinámico y estático. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.
We investigated the neural correlates underpinning synchronized movement in rowers using a neural index for social interaction termed the phi complex. Phi 1 and phi 2 indicate the enhancement and ...reduction of mirror neuron activation, respectively. We hypothesized that in a leader-follower relation, followers would exhibit a larger phi 2 power than leaders due to enhanced mirror neuron activation by the followers to accurately mimic their partner's movements. We also expected that brain activation underlying social interaction would be enhanced during synchronization. Although phi 2 was not modulated by role (leader vs. follower) or condition (usual-pair vs. unusual-pair), the statistical analysis suggested the relationship between the magnitude of phi 2 and empathetic ability in followers in the usual-pair condition. Given that the activation of the mirror neuron system underlies empathic ability, it is plausible that the participants used the mirror neuron system to follow the movement of a usual partner. In other words, the leader in the synchronization did not need to use the mirror neuron system, which was consistent with the result of a larger phi 1 for leading than following the movement. These results suggest that the neural correlates of empathy may be used to synchronize with partners as the follower.
El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar si existe una relación entre la ansiedad competitiva y la resiliencia en practicantes peruanos de deportes acuáticos de alto rendimiento durante el ...confinamiento por la COVID-19. La muestra estuvo conformada por 84 deportistas de ambos sexos (42 hombres y 42 mujeres), entre 18 y 43 años, con una edad promedio de 22.94. Se utilizaron la Escala de Ansiedad Competitiva SAS-2 y la Escala de Resiliencia ERCD. Los principales resultados muestran que las mujeres tienen más Ansiedad Total Competitiva y Preocupaciones que los hombres, mientras que estos obtienen una mayor Resiliencia Total, Competencia Personal y Aceptación de uno Mismo que las mujeres. Además, la Ansiedad Total Competitiva se relaciona negativamente con la Resiliencia Total. Se concluye que la resiliencia desempeña un papel importante en la reducción de la ansiedad competitiva, lo que a su vez está relacionado con un mejor rendimiento y bienestar en los deportistas de alto rendimiento. Además, es fundamental prestar atención a las diferencias de género, ya que las mujeres pueden requerir un mayor entrenamiento en resiliencia, habilidades de afrontamiento al estrés y en la gestión emocional.
Infections caused by antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) are associated with poor health outcomes and are recognised globally as a serious health problem. Much research has been conducted on the ...transmission of ARB to humans. Yet the role the natural environment plays in the spread of ARB and antibiotic resistance genes is not well understood. Antibiotic resistant bacteria have been detected in natural aquatic environments, and ingestion of seawater during water sports is one route by which many people could be directly exposed.
The aim was to estimate the prevalence of resistance to one clinically important class of antibiotics (third-generation cephalosporins (3GCs)) amongst Escherichia coli in coastal surface waters in England and Wales. Prevalence data was used to quantify ingestion of 3GC-resistant E. coli (3GCREC) by people participating in water sports in designated coastal bathing waters. A further aim was to use this value to derive a population-level estimate of exposure to these bacteria during recreational use of coastal waters in 2012.
The prevalence of 3GC-resistance amongst E. coli isolated from coastal surface waters was estimated using culture-based methods. This was combined with the density of E. coli reported in designated coastal bathing waters along with estimations of the volumes of water ingested during various water sports reported in the literature to calculate the mean number of 3GCREC ingested during different water sports.
0.12% of E. coli isolated from surface waters were resistant to 3GCs. This value was used to estimate that in England and Wales over 6.3 million water sport sessions occurred in 2012 that resulted in the ingestion of at least one 3GCREC.
Despite the low prevalence of resistance to 3GCs amongst E. coli in surface waters, there is an identifiable human exposure risk for water users, which varies with the type of water sport undertaken. The relative importance of this exposure is likely to be greater in areas where a large proportion of the population enjoys water sports. Millions of water sport sessions occurred in 2012 that were likely to have resulted in people ingesting E. coli resistant to a single class of antibiotics (3GCs). However, this is expected to be a significant underestimate of recreational exposure to all ARB in seawater.
This is the first study to use volumes of water ingested during different water sports to estimate human exposure to ARB. Further work needs to be done to elucidate the health implications and clinical relevance of exposure to ARB in both marine and fresh waters in order to fully understand the risk to public health.
•3GC-resistant E. coli were detected in surface waters around England and Wales.•The mean prevalence of 3GC-resistance in E. coli in coastal waters is low.•There is an identifiable risk to water users of exposure to 3GC-resistant E. coli.
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