Gradual-onset injuries associated with surfing have not previously been closely examined. This study investigated the duration, mechanisms, body locations and types of gradual-onset injuries in a ...sample of New Zealand surfers.
Retrospective, cross-sectional online survey.
Self-identified surfers reported gradual-onset surfing-related injuries experienced in the preceding 12 months.
Respondents (n=1473, age range 8–74 years) reported a total of 550 gradual-onset major injuries: 44% acute duration (<3 months) and 56% chronic (≥3 months). The injury incidence proportion was 27%. Shoulder (146 injuries, 64% chronic), low back (115 injuries, 58% chronic) and neck (105 injuries, 46% chronic) were the most commonly reported injury locations. Prolonged paddling was the most commonly reported mechanism of injury (40% of all injuries). Incidence proportion for gradual-onset major injuries was 6% higher for greater surfing abilities compared to lower abilities (p=0.01), and 13% higher for long boarders compared to short boarders (p=0.001). Respondents reporting any gradual-onset surfing injury, compared to those with no injury, averaged 3 more years surfing experience (p<0.001), were 3 years older (p<0.001), and reported 43h more surfing exposure in the preceding 12 months (p<0.001).
The most common gradual-onset surfing injuries involved the shoulder, low back, and neck, most frequently attributable to paddling. Risk factors for these injuries included board type, higher ability, older age, more hours/year, and years of surfing. These findings affirm the existence of sufficient injury burden to justify investigation of surfing injury prevention initiatives.
Childhood obesity is a major health concern and physical activity is commonly proposed as an intervention strategy to combat the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in young people. The ...aim of this study was to examine the effect of high-intensity, supervised, rowing ergometer training on maximal and submaximal rowing performance in healthy weight and centrally obese adolescents (12-13 yr).
Participants were randomized to either 6 wk of supervised rowing ergometry, comprising of 2 sessions per week with each session comprising of 2 × 3-min bouts of high-intensity rowing ergometry ( n = 57), or a control group who continued with their habitual activities ( n = 45). At baseline and follow-up, rowing performance was assessed via a submaximal test and a 3-min maximal test.
Six weeks of rowing ergometer training significantly improved maximal exercise performance; total distance rowed in a 3-min maximal effort improved by 19.7 m (2.7%) (time × group, P = 0.018) and produced a significant reduction in perceived effort in response to a set submaximal load (60 W) (time × group, P = 0.040). At baseline total distance rowed during the 3-min maximal test was significantly affected by body mass (main effect of body mass, P = 0.002), whereby a higher body mass was associated with enhanced rowing performance. However, the pattern of change over time was not different between healthy weight and centrally obese adolescents (time × group × waist centile, P = 0.577).
A 6-wk high-intensity rowing ergometry training intervention improved maximal rowing performance. This improvement was similar in healthy weight versus overweight and obese adolescents; yet overall overweight and obese adolescents had superior rowing performance compared to their healthy weight counterparts, suggesting that rowing may be an attractive exercise modality for interventions in overweight and obese young people.
On wave-driven propulsion Benham, Graham P.; Devauchelle, Olivier; Thomson, Stuart J.
Journal of fluid mechanics,
05/2024, Letnik:
987
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
A theory is presented for wave-driven propulsion of floating bodies driven into oscillation at the fluid interface. By coupling the equations of motion of the body to a quasipotential flow model of ...the fluid, we derive expressions for the drift speed and propulsive thrust of the body which in turn are shown to be consistent with global momentum conservation. We explore the efficacy of our model in describing the motion of SurferBot (Rhee et al., Bioinspir. Biomim., vol. 17, issue 5, 2022), demonstrating close agreement with the experimentally determined drift speed and oscillatory dynamics. The efficiency of wave-driven propulsion is then computed as a function of driving oscillation frequency and the forcing location, revealing optimal values for both of these parameters which await confirmation in experiments. A comparison with other modes of locomotion and applications of our model with competitive water sports is discussed in conclusion.
Abstract
Grand challenges exist in the fabrication of robust skin electronics that are resistant to water interference, which can play vital roles in healthcare and lifesaving in activities such as ...showering, surfing, and swift water rescue. Particularly, dynamic water impingement is very destructive to skin electronics by causing device–skin delamination and sensing malfunctions. Herein, an anemone‐inspired self‐adhesive epidermal sensor with superior ability to resist water interference in various aquatic environments is developed. The epidermal sensor consists of a strain sensing layer composed of interconnected graphene flakes wrapped in ultrathin Ecoflex and a self‐adhesive layer composed of semi‐crosslinked polydimethylsiloxane, which is named as an adhesive graphene encapsulated in Ecoflex (a‐G@E) sensor. The a‐G@E sensor can conformally and stably attach on the skin under the synergy effect of the ultrathin thickness and the self‐adhesive layer. Remarkably, it can maintain a highly stable device–skin interface even under extreme aquatic conditions such as intense water impingement (up to 4 m s
−1
). As examples, this study demonstrates its applications in transmitting information, controlling robotics underwater, and tracking swimming modes of a fish. It is believed that the a‐G@E sensor can play a unique role in health‐care, sports‐monitoring, and human–machine interactions, especially for aquatic scenarios.
Background
Back pain is a frequent health problem in the general population. The epidemiology of back pain in the general population is well researched, but detailed data on the prevalence and risk ...factors of back pain in athletes are rare.
Objective
The primary objective was to review articles about back pain in athletes to provide an overview of its prevalence in different sports and compare its prevalence among various types of sports and the general population.
Data Sources
A comprehensive search of articles published through May 2015 was conducted. Two independent reviewers searched six databases from inception (PubMed
®
, Embase, MEDLINE
®
, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO and PSYNDEX), using specifically developed search strategies, for relevant epidemiological research on back pain in 14- to 40-year-old athletes of Olympic disciplines. The reviewers independently evaluated the methodological quality of reviewed articles meeting the inclusion criteria to identify potential sources of bias. Relevant data were extracted from each study.
Results
Forty-three articles were judged to meet the inclusion criteria and were included in the assessment of methodological quality. Of these, 25 were assessed to be of high quality. Lifetime prevalence and point prevalence were the most commonly researched episodes and the lower back was the most common localization of pain. In the high-quality studies, lifetime prevalence of low back pain in athletes was 1–94%, (highest prevalence in rowing and cross-country skiing), and point prevalence of low back pain was 18–65% (lowest prevalence in basketball and highest prevalence in rowing).
Conclusion
The methodological heterogeneity of the included studies showed a wide range of prevalence rates and did not enable a detailed comparison of data among different sports, within one discipline, or versus the general population. Based on the results of this review, however, it seems obvious that back pain requires further study in some sports.
The sport of surfing has grown exponentially. Early studies of surfing injuries are outdated as newer and more accessible surf technology has become available. This study's goal was to describe ...surfing injury patterns, incidence, and disposition of pediatric and adult surfers.
A retrospective review of surfing injuries from 2009 to 2020 of adult (>18 years of age) and pediatric (<18 years of age) patients was performed using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database. The consumer product code 1261 (Surfing) was used to identify injury patterns. Chi-squared test was performed on all categorical variables. Logistic regression was used on significant variables from the frequency tables. All analysis was performed with R-statistical programming software.
There was an overall decreasing trend of surfing injuries over time. Injuries for both adult and pediatric patients tended to occur most within the summer season (p<0.001). The odds of an adult surfing injury victim being male is 2.89 (95% CI 1.87–4.44). The head/neck/face were the most injured body part in both groups. The pediatric group had a significantly higher rate of concussions at 6.5% compared to the adult group at 3.2%. Overall, the most common injury type was to the skin (p<0.001). Disposition between groups were similar with most patients being discharged home. Mortality was rare with three reported fatalities in the adult group and none in the pediatric group.
The incidence of surfing injuries is continuing to decline despite more people surfing, revealing the improved safety of the sport over the last decade. Head/neck/face injuries are common injury locations, and pediatric surfers are particularly at increased risk of concussions. Continued education, usage of safety equipment such as protective headgear, and awareness of injury patterns, could further lessen potential injuries.
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La exóstosis del conducto auditivo externo (ECAE), también conocida como oído de surfista, es una alteración del tejido óseo del oído externo, principalmente causada debido a la sobrexposición al ...frío. Considerando que los practicantes de deportes acuáticos como el surf y bodyboard de las costas del pacífico sur se exponen a aguas con temperaturas entre 12-16 °C, se busca determinar, en este estudio, la prevalencia y grado de ECAE en practicantes de surf y bodyboard de las localidades de Reñaca y Concón durante el año 2018. Se realizó una evaluación del CAE mediante video-otoscopía a 67 personas (134 oídos) practicantes de surf y bodyboard de las playas de Reñaca y Concón, y se les aplicó un cuestionario respecto a sus hábitos de práctica. Como resultado, se observó una prevalencia de ECAE del 77,6%, siendo el 61,2% ECAE bilateral y el 16,4% ECAE unilateral. Se pudo determinar, además, que el 62,3% de los participantes no usa protecciones. A partir de estos hallazgos, es posible concluir que existe una alta prevalencia de la ECAE en practicantes de surf y bodyboard en las costas centrales chilenas, lo que debería alertar tanto a la población practicante como a profesionales de la salud auditiva con el fin de promover una vida saludable en esta población.
This study assessed the physiological, performance, nutritional intake, and training characteristics of a 92-yr-old four-time master world champion indoor male rower. Body composition was assessed ...via bioelectrical impedance. Oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide production, ventilation, and heart rate were measured at rest and during a 2,000-m time trial on a rowing ergometer. Maximal power was assessed to compute anaerobic power reserve. Training included ≈ 30 km/wk on the rowing ergometer. Herein, 70% of distances were covered at light intensities (RPE, 10-12), 20% at hard (RPE, 13-17), and 10% at near maximal or maximal (RPE, 17-20). Resistance training was performed during ≈ 2 sessions/wk, and involved three sets of dumbbell lunges, rows, and curls, respectively, taken close (or to) failure. Dietary intake was high in protein 2.3 ± 0.1 g·kg
lean body mass (LBM), conferring a caloric intake of 33.4 ± 1.7 kcal·kg
LBM. The participant demonstrated muscle mass of 47.7 kg, fat mass of 9.1 kg (15.4% body fat), forced vital capacity of 3.36 L, time constant (τ) to steady state of 30.2 s, peak relative oxygen pulse of 0.18 (mL·O
/beats/min/kg), peak heart rate of 153 beats/min, and maximum power of 220 W (140 W anaerobic power reserve). This 92-yr-old athlete demonstrated remarkably fast oxygen uptake kinetics, akin to values for a healthy young adult, indicating well-developed and/or maintained cardiopulmonary function. The high values for cardiopulmonary function, muscle mass, metabolic efficiency, and maximum power output may infer the pliability of these systems to maintain high functionality at an advanced age.
To our knowledge, this study is the first to characterize the physiological attributes of a competitive rower (4-time master world champion) at an advanced age (≥ 85 yr). The participant demonstrated a high muscle mass (47.7 kg; 80.6% body mass), maximal power (220 W), and exceptional oxygen uptake kinetics (τ of 30.2 s), similar to values reported for healthy young adults.
This study aimed to systematically review studies that evaluated and compared mechanical, physiological, and technical parameters with the performance of slalom athletes. PubMed, SPORTDiscuss, and ...Scopus databases were searched until September 10, 2021, with no restriction of published data. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guided the study's screening and quality assessment performed by an external reviewer using a 16-checklist item. A search of the databases identified 125 studies, but only eight were eligible, including a total sample of 117 male athletes. Four reports only associated mechanical or technical parameters with the performance of the paddler. Concerning the remaining studies, only one correlated physiological data, and the others associated more than one parameter with race time. Most of the eligible reports presented significant associations between mechanical/physiological components and slalom performance. Eligible studies support that high-force development during a slalom race is a relevant parameter for performance. Aerobic metabolism is highly required during slalom tasks and is inversely associated with race time, although it may not increase the chances of winning medals. Few reports have associated canoe slalom performance with technical components, and further research should focus on this matter.
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