Attacking Social Media via Behavior Poisoning Wu, Chenwang; Lian, Defu; Ge, Yong ...
ACM transactions on knowledge discovery from data,
08/2024, Letnik:
18, Številka:
7
Journal Article
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Since social media such as Facebook and X (formerly known as Twitter) have permeated various aspects of daily life, people have strong incentives to influence information dissemination on these ...platforms and differentiate their content from the fierce competition. Existing dissemination strategies typically employ marketing techniques, such as seeking publicity through renowned actors or targeted advertising placements. Despite their various forms, most simply spread information to strengthen user impressions without conducting formal analyses of specific influence enhancement. And coupled with high costs, most fall short of expectations. To this end, we ingeniously formulate the task of social media dissemination as poisoning attacks, which influence specified content’s dissemination among target users by intervening in some users’ social media behaviors (including retweeting, following, and profile modifying). Correspondingly, we propose a novel poisoning attack, Influence-based Social Media Attack (ISMA) to generate discrete poisoning behaviors, which is difficult to achieve with existing attacks. In ISMA, we first contribute an efficient influence evaluator to quantify the spread influence of poisoning behaviors. Based on the estimated influence, we then present an imperceptible hierarchical selector and a profile modification method ProMix to select influential behaviors to poison. Notably, our attack is driven by custom attack objectives, which allows one to flexibly design different optimization goals to change the information flow, which could solve the blindness of existing influence maximization methods. Besides, behaviors such as retweeting are gentle and simple to implement. These properties make our attack more cost-effective and practical. Extensive experiments on two large-scale real-world datasets demonstrate the superiority of our method as it significantly outperforms baselines, and additionally, the proposed evaluator’s analysis of user influence provides new insights for influence maximization on social media.
The Basis Set Exchange (BSE) has been a prominent fixture in the quantum chemistry community. First publicly available in 2007, it is recognized by both users and basis set creators as the de facto ...source for information related to basis sets. This popular resource has been rewritten, utilizing modern software design and best practices. The basis set data has been separated into a stand-alone library with an accessible API, and the Web site has been updated to use the current generation of web development libraries. The general layout and workflow of the Web site is preserved, while helpful features requested by the user community have been added. Overall, this design should increase adaptability and lend itself well into the future as a dependable resource for the computational chemistry community. This article will discuss the decision to rewrite the BSE, the new architecture and design, and the new features that have been added.
Due to growing user demand, web application development is becoming increasingly complicated. Multiple programming languages along with the complex multi-tier architecture commonly involved in web ...application development contribute to the probability of programming mistakes. Such mistakes may cause serious security vulnerabilities, which can then be exploited by malicious users. Current classifications include a wide variety of web application vulnerabilities, such as SQL injections, Cross-Site Scripting and File Inclusion. Various different protections exist against attacks associated with these vulnerabilities making it difficult to apply a single universal solution. This paper takes an alternative view of the core root of the vulnerabilities. Based on the discovered common traits, a unified extensible context-based model of web applications is proposed. A concept of context is introduced and different attacks are reformulated in terms of context boundary violation. The proposed model can be used to implement a more universal web application protection suitable against different types of attacks.
Dental cavities represent a widespread oral health issue on a global scale, impacting individuals across all age groups. The conventional approach to detecting cavities involves a visual examination ...by dentists, which is not only time-consuming but also subjective. Current methods for dental cavity detection heavily rely on subjective visual inspections, which may overlook early or concealed cavities. In this research paper, we present CatchCavity, a web application tool that utilizes deep learning for cavity detection in teeth. The diagnostic tool enables users to upload dental images, facilitating the assessment of dental cavity status. Furthermore, the web application functions as an online dental diagnostic service, providing the capability to securely store patients’ dental records and information in a dedicated database. The system is trained on a dataset of annotated images and employs a convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture for accurate cavity detection. We evaluate the system's performance using metrics such as accuracy and loss. Our results showcase that the proposed system attains a high level of accuracy and efficiency in detecting dental cavities, achieving an overall accuracy of 98.7%. Additionally, our system surpasses traditional cavity detection methods, highlighting the possibility of deep learning approaches to enhance oral health outcomes.
Web application providers have been migrating their applications to cloud data centers, attracted by the emerging cloud computing paradigm. One of the appealing features of the cloud is elasticity. ...It allows cloud users to acquire or release computing resources on demand, which enables web application providers to automatically scale the resources provisioned to their applications without human intervention under a dynamic workload to minimize resource cost while satisfying Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. In this article, we comprehensively analyze the challenges that remain in auto-scaling web applications in clouds and review the developments in this field. We present a taxonomy of auto-scalers according to the identified challenges and key properties. We analyze the surveyed works and map them to the taxonomy to identify the weaknesses in this field. Moreover, based on the analysis, we propose new future directions that can be explored in this area.
RNA-seq is widely used for transcriptomic profiling, but the bioinformatics analysis of resultant data can be time-consuming and challenging, especially for biologists. We aim to streamline the ...bioinformatic analyses of gene-level data by developing a user-friendly, interactive web application for exploratory data analysis, differential expression, and pathway analysis.
iDEP (integrated Differential Expression and Pathway analysis) seamlessly connects 63 R/Bioconductor packages, 2 web services, and comprehensive annotation and pathway databases for 220 plant and animal species. The workflow can be reproduced by downloading customized R code and related pathway files. As an example, we analyzed an RNA-Seq dataset of lung fibroblasts with Hoxa1 knockdown and revealed the possible roles of SP1 and E2F1 and their target genes, including microRNAs, in blocking G1/S transition. In another example, our analysis shows that in mouse B cells without functional p53, ionizing radiation activates the MYC pathway and its downstream genes involved in cell proliferation, ribosome biogenesis, and non-coding RNA metabolism. In wildtype B cells, radiation induces p53-mediated apoptosis and DNA repair while suppressing the target genes of MYC and E2F1, and leads to growth and cell cycle arrest. iDEP helps unveil the multifaceted functions of p53 and the possible involvement of several microRNAs such as miR-92a, miR-504, and miR-30a. In both examples, we validated known molecular pathways and generated novel, testable hypotheses.
Combining comprehensive analytic functionalities with massive annotation databases, iDEP ( http://ge-lab.org/idep/ ) enables biologists to easily translate transcriptomic and proteomic data into actionable insights.
This article reports on the development of a new Web-based application software for calculating Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters and derived quantities from the emission spectra of Eu3+ doped ...compounds. The application was entirely developed in JavaScript, and it is compatible with all major browsers. The web application can be accessed via the following link https://sciapps.sci-sim.com/judd_ofelt_analysis_Eu.html. Test samples of ZnO doped with different amounts of Eu3+ were synthesized using the combustion method, and their radiative properties and the chemical environment in the Eu surroundings were thoroughly investigated by Judd-Ofelt intensity and the derived parameters using the online application. In contrast to the tediousness and time-consuming process of these types of calculations, by using this online software, all intensity parameters and the derived quantities can be obtained within a short time.
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