This article aims to explore the extent and nature of Australian young people’s pornography exposure and access.
Cross-sectional online survey of 1,985 young Australians aged 15–20 years, nationally ...representative of a range of demographics.
Exposure to pornography was reported by 86% of male and 69% of female participants. Most exposure occurred when participants were alone and at home, regardless of gender. Young men were more likely than young women to seek pornography out and to view it frequently, with over half (54%) of male participants reporting weekly use compared with 14% of female participants. On average, boys and young men saw pornography 3.2 years before their first partnered sexual experience, and girls and young women saw it 2.0 years before theirs.
It is common for young people to see pornography years before their first partnered sexual experience.
Unintentional and deliberate exposure to pornography is common and frequent among young people. Public health strategies among young people are necessary to address the potential harms associated with pornography use, including gender-based violence and risky sexual practices.
Preventive approaches have latterly gained traction for improving mental health in young people. In this paper, we first appraise the conceptual foundations of preventive psychiatry, encompassing the ...public health, Gordon's, US Institute of Medicine, World Health Organization, and good mental health frameworks, and neurodevelopmentally‐sensitive clinical staging models. We then review the evidence supporting primary prevention of psychotic, bipolar and common mental disorders and promotion of good mental health as potential transformative strategies to reduce the incidence of these disorders in young people. Within indicated approaches, the clinical high‐risk for psychosis paradigm has received the most empirical validation, while clinical high‐risk states for bipolar and common mental disorders are increasingly becoming a focus of attention. Selective approaches have mostly targeted familial vulnerability and non‐genetic risk exposures. Selective screening and psychological/psychoeducational interventions in vulnerable subgroups may improve anxiety/depressive symptoms, but their efficacy in reducing the incidence of psychotic/bipolar/common mental disorders is unproven. Selective physical exercise may reduce the incidence of anxiety disorders. Universal psychological/psychoeducational interventions may improve anxiety symptoms but not prevent depressive/anxiety disorders, while universal physical exercise may reduce the incidence of anxiety disorders. Universal public health approaches targeting school climate or social determinants (demographic, economic, neighbourhood, environmental, social/cultural) of mental disorders hold the greatest potential for reducing the risk profile of the population as a whole. The approach to promotion of good mental health is currently fragmented. We leverage the knowledge gained from the review to develop a blueprint for future research and practice of preventive psychiatry in young people: integrating universal and targeted frameworks; advancing multivariable, transdiagnostic, multi‐endpoint epidemiological knowledge; synergically preventing common and infrequent mental disorders; preventing physical and mental health burden together; implementing stratified/personalized prognosis; establishing evidence‐based preventive interventions; developing an ethical framework, improving prevention through education/training; consolidating the cost‐effectiveness of preventive psychiatry; and decreasing inequalities. These goals can only be achieved through an urgent individual, societal, and global level response, which promotes a vigorous collaboration across scientific, health care, societal and governmental sectors for implementing preventive psychiatry, as much is at stake for young people with or at risk for emerging mental disorders.
Jarl Ivar van der Vlugt
Angewandte Chemie (International ed.),
February 6, 2017, 2017-02-06, 20170206, Letnik:
56, Številka:
7
Journal Article
Recenzirano
“Chemistry is fun because the sky is the limit (as long as the funding lasts). Young people should study chemistry because there is no life possible without it, but there is a better life possible ...because of it ...” This and more about Jarl Ivar van der Vlugt can be found on page 1700.
A large body of research has emerged over the last decade examining empirical models of general and specific psychopathology, which take into account comorbidity among psychiatric disorders and ...enable investigation of risk and protective factors that are common across disorders. This systematic review presents findings from studies of empirical models of psychopathology and transdiagnostic risk and protective factors for psychopathology among young people (10–24 years). PsycInfo, Medline and EMBASE were searched from inception to November 2020, and 41 studies were identified that examined at least one risk or protective factor in relation to broad, empirically derived, psychopathology outcomes. Results revealed several biological (executive functioning deficits, earlier pubertal timing, genetic risk for ADHD and schizophrenia, reduced gray matter volume), socio-environmental (stressful life events, maternal depression) and psychological (low effortful control, high neuroticism, negative affectivity) transdiagnostic risk factors for broad psychopathology outcomes, including general psychopathology, internalising and externalising. Methodological complexities are discussed and recommendations for future studies of empirical models of psychopathology are presented. These results contribute to a growing body of support for transdiagnostic approaches to prevention and intervention for psychiatric disorders and highlight several promising avenues for future research.
•First systematic review of empirical models of psychopathology and risk and protective factors.•Biological: executive functioning deficits, earlier pubertal timing, genetic risk, gray matter volume.•Socio-environmental: stressful life events, maternal depression.•Psychological: Low effortful control, high neuroticism/negative affectivity.•More multidisciplinary, longitudinal, causally driven research needed.
"My favorite drink is a mojito. Young people should study chemistry because rocket science is overrated ..." This and more about AndreiK. Yudin can be found on page 852.
NEETs’ Attitude towards Entrepreneurship Ionuț Antohi; Silvia Ghiță-Mitrescu
"Ovidius" University Annals. Economic Sciences Series (Online),
12/2022, Letnik:
XXII, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The social and economic problems related to young people were a constant preoccupation for the EU governments. The NEET category represents young people, aged between 15 and 29 years, who are not in ...employment, education, or training, a very vulnerable group of persons. In Romania the NEETs agenda was correlated with the European framework, that includes entrepreneurship, as a specific solution for the economic and social inclusion of this category. Our study is based on the results provided by a questionnaire answered by 54 NEET participants in an entrepreneurial training course, that took place in Constanta County. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the respondent’s opinion toward entrepreneurship. The results indicate that entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial activity represent solutions for the economic and social problems related to young people in the region.
This article investigates how viewers born in the 1970s and 1980s recall Australian film and television LGBTQ+ themes, characters and narratives they viewed while they were growing up. Aspects of ...place and space were centred in these accounts, from memories of watching a shared television in the domestic family setting to the physical artefact of the video tape. Participants emphasised the theme of mobility toward the city and a rural/urban distinction in the film and television they discussed, and the role of city contexts in providing better access to screen media that represented LGBTQ+ lives – for example, through access to independent cinemas. These memorial accounts were considered formative and often provided the framework by which participants perceive and navigate everyday life as members of minority communities. At the same time, these place-bound accounts of encounters with LGBTQ+ screen texts expressed a complex attachment to domestic spaces, tangible objects and narratives of mobility.
•This is a review of the longitudinal evidence for the association of screen-based activities and the risk of self-harm, and suicidal behavior.•Total screen use is longitudinally associated with a ...higher risk of self-harm and suicidal behavior in young people.•Cyberbullying victimization is a risk factor for subsequent self-harm and suicidal behavior in young people.
Emerging evidence suggests that screen-based activities are associated with self-harm and suicidal behaviors. This study aimed to examine these associations among young people through a meta-analysis. We systematically searched EBSCO pshyARTICLES, MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, and Web of Science from their inception to April 1, 2022, and updated on May 1, 2024. Longitudinal studies reporting the association between various screen-based activities and subsequent self-harm and suicidal behaviors in young people aged 10 to 24 were included. Nineteen longitudinal studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, and 13 studies comprising 43,489 young people were included in the meta-analysis, revealing that total screen use is significantly associated with the risks of self-harm and suicidal behaviors. Cyberbullying victimization was also related to these adverse outcomes. Subgroup analyses indicated that social media use and problematic screen use are significant risk factors for self-harm and suicidal behaviors. Study quality was appraised using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and potential publication bias was deemed unlikely to affect the results significantly. These findings suggest that screen-based activities should be considered in the management and intervention strategies for self-harm and suicidal behaviors in young people.
•This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis based on longitudinal studies analysing mental disorders and psychiatric comorbidity on suicidal behaviour among young people.•Mental disorders ...increase the risk for suicide attempts in young people.•In particular affective disorders predicted suicide attempts in young people.•Mental disorders and comorbidity are strong predictors of suicide behavior.
Suicide is the second leading cause of death for young people. Objective: To assess mental disorders as risk factors for suicidal behaviour among adolescents and young adults including population-based longitudinal studies.
We conducted a systematic literature review. Bibliographic searches undertaken in five international databases and grey literature sources until January 2017 yielded a total of 26,883 potential papers. 1701 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility of which 1677 were excluded because they did not meet our eligibility criteria. Separate meta-analyses were conducted for each outcome (suicide death and suicide attempts). Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) and beta coefficients and standard errors were calculated.
24 studies were finally included involving 25,354 participants (12–26 years). The presence of any mental disorder was associated with higher risk of suicide death (OR = 10.83, 95%CI = 4.69–25.00) and suicide attempt (OR = 3.56; 95%CI 2.24–5.67). When considering suicidal attempt as the outcome, only affective disorders (OR = 1.54; 95%CI = 1.21–1.96) were significant. Finally, the results revealed that psychiatric comorbidity was a primary risk factor for suicide attempts.
Data were obtained from studies with heterogeneous diagnostic assessments of mental disorders. Nine case-control studies were included and some data were collected in students, not in general population.
Mental disorders and comorbidity are strong predictors of suicide behaviour in young people. Detection and management of the affective disorders as well as their psychiatric comorbidity could be a crucial strategy to prevent suicidality in this age group.
•Parenting aspirations of young people who have experienced adversity are overlooked.•Young people would like to be parents but had other goals to achieve first.•Goals included addressing enjoying ...their youth, addressing personal difficulties.•Aspirations were influence by childhood experiences and current circumstances.
Only a limited number of studies have sought to examine the parenting attitudes and aspirations of young people who have experienced abuse, neglect, and childhood adversity and who are not yet pregnant or parenting. Given the dearth of literature on this topic, this study explores the attitudes and aspirations relating to pregnancy and parenthood among South Australian young people who have experienced abuse, neglect, or childhood adversity.
A total of fifteen young people (8 male and 7 female) were recruited from a variety of services that may be serving young people with experiences of abuse, neglect, or early adversity. Young people took part in a semi-structured interview exploring their attitudes and aspirations regarding relationships, pregnancy, and parenthood.
Young people discussed whether they would like to be parents, and some of the goals and aspirations that they would like to achieve beforehand. The reasons why young people wanted to be parents later in life and achieve these goals first were categories into three interrelated groups: they wanted to enjoy their youth and succeed in education or employment, they wanted to address their own personal difficulties and challenges first or they wanted to be prepared and be in the best position possible to meet the needs of their future children.
While most of the sample were not planning on becoming parents before they turned 25, all aspired to have children at some point. Young people’s aspirations towards younger parenthood were varied and often shaped by their childhood experiences and current circumstances. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.
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