The effects of labour, citizenship and family status on the unequal treatment in health insurance Background: Right to health care is a human right, which should - because of its universal status - ...belong to an individual regardless of his or her personal circumstances. In the legislative process different systems provide different criteria for accessibility and funding of this right. In doing so, one can observe how respective social priorities affect inclusion and exclusion of beneficiaries of health care on the ground of their legal status. Methods: This article is based on analysis and interpretation of primary and secondary sources, particularly national and international legal acts regarding constitutional right to health care, health care and health insurance, employment and family relations and the law of aliens. Results: As the enjoyment of the right of health insurance depends on an individual's labour, citizenship and family status, the users of health care are treated unequally. The legislation is based on the assumption that work is normally performed in the form of an employment relationship. In modern times, however, atypical forms of work are on the rise and therefore health insurance rights are thus differently available to different persons of the same actual but different legal status. The rights of persons, who are not insured on the basis of a labour status, are subsidiary tied to family relations and their enforcement thus also depends on whether the person is married, living in a de facto union, same-sex partnership or is single. Nevertheless, right to health insurance is affected also by citizenship and different kinds of foreignness. Conclusion: Despite objective of universal health insurance coverage of all inhabitants, a growing number of inhabitants remain without basic health insurance. The most vulnerable are foreigners without permanent residence, self-employed persons and their family members, registered and unregistered same-sex partners, single persons and children in the reorganized families. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
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Predstavitev zdravstvene kartice - zobozdravniška ambulanta, čakalnica, nova kartica, zdravnica pregleduje otroka, bolniška sestra in mama, izjava dr. Stanislav Čuber, vodja projekta Kartice zdravstvenega zavarovanja.- Information:- After the Slovenian Institute for Health Insurance Assembly had adopted a decision to test the medical insurance cards in the Municipality of Krško, people already started to prepare for the project. The presentation of the medical card had already taken place in Ljubljana, now the detailed information was presented to reporters in the Posavje region.- Original language summary:
Potem, ko je skupščina Zavoda za zdravstvenega zavarovanja Slovenije junija letos sprejela sklep, da kartico zdravstvenega zavarovanja pilotsko preizkusijo v območni enoti Krško, so se tam že pričeli pripravljati na ta projekt. V Ljubljani so v javnosti kartico pred časom že predstavili, danes pa so podrobnostih o projektu izvedeli še novinarji v Posavju.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
A heightened awareness about medical manpower issues can be observed in countries that are in a state of political, economic, and social transition. Slovenia entered the transition process in 1989 ...and became an independent country in 1991. Transition and independence influenced its health care in several ways. It changed the health care system and its financing (by introducing a Bismarckian style of social insurance). It then redistributed power from the Ministry of Health to several stakeholders. A major change occurred in the labor market in health care when the flow of health professionals from the newly independent countries greatly decreased. The decrease was partly due to the consequences of the war in the Balkans and partly due to independent labor legislation in Slovenia. Transitional changes brought new stakeholders to the scene, with a resulting redistribution of responsibilities for health manpower policies and the use of various methodologies.
This policy analysis offers a detailed description of the contextual framework, quantitative data on medical manpower development, and, most important, interviews with representatives of the key stakeholders and study of relevant policy documents.
We conclude that all stakeholders underpin the need for a structured approach toward health manpower planning in the form of a more coherent system of planning, decision making, and control. A compromise on mutual responsibilities between the less dominant Ministry of Health and the two new powerful stakeholders, the Health Insurance Institute of Slovenia and the Medical Chamber of Slovenia, seems necessary.
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