The article summarizes the history and activities of the Werner Stamm Foundation established in Switzerland in 1975 as a breeding center for endangered species of Equides. The foundation has two main ...principles in the breeding programme: 1) to breed Equides that could one day be released to freedom and to keep them as wild as possible; 2) whenever possible to brought the animals to places where they would have even bigger paddocks and more freedom than on the grounds of the foundation at Muellerhaegli near Basilej. The foundation cooperates with zoological gardens all over the world and has already contributed to the preservation of several endangered species as some of them have successfully reproduced there (Przewalski horses, Onagers, Somali Wild Asses, Kiangs). From 1995 to 1997, almost all the herd of Przewalski horses was transported to Tachi Tal station in the Gobi desert and three groups of horses were released to freedom.
The noncoding region between tRNAPro and the large conserved sequence block is the most variable region in the mammalian mitochondrial DNA D-loop region. This variable region (ca. 270 bp) of four ...species of Equus, including Mongolian and Japanese native domestic horses as well as Przewalskii's (or Mongolian) wild horse, were sequenced. These data were compared with our recently published Thoroughbred horse mitochondrial DNA sequences. The evolutionary rate of this region among the four species of Equus was estimated to be 2-4 X 10(-8) per site per year. Phylogenetic trees of Equus species demonstrate that Przewalskii's wild horse is within the genetic variation among the domestic horse. This suggests that the chromosome number change (probably increase) of the Przewalskii's wild horse occurred rather recently.
Ileal leiomyoma in a captive zebra (Equus burchelli) Yılmaz, R., Harran Univ., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Şanlıurfa (Turkey). Div. of Pathology; Akkoç, A., Uludağ Univ., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa (Turkey). Div. of Pathology; Özyiğit, M.Ö., Uludağ Univ., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa (Turkey). Div. of Pathology
Turkish journal of veterinary & animal sciences,
(2009), 2009, Letnik:
33, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In the present study, an ileal leiomyoma encountered in a captive zebra (Equus burchelli) was reported. A 29- year-old, female zebra was found dead in the Bursa zoo. According to the referring ...veterinarian the most prominent clinical signs were intermittent colic (responsive to analgesics) and constipation. At post mortem examination, abdomen was severely distended. A firm, multilobular, well vascularized and encapsulated tumoural mass, 12 cm in diameter, embedded into the proximal part of the ileum wall, and protruded from the serosal surface was found. The cut section of the mass had whorled appearance, pale yellow to white in colour, and had no sign of coagulation necroses and haemorrhages. In the microscopical examination, it was observed that tumoural mass consisted of interlacing bundles of well-differentiated, haphazardly arranged, and smooth muscle cells. Mitotic figures were not common. Immunohistochemically, neoplastic cells were stained strongly with alpha smooth muscle actin and the mass was diagnosed as leiomyoma.
Bu çalışmada Bursa hayvanat bahçesinde ölü olarak bulunan 29 yaşlı, dişi bir zebrada karşılaşılan ileal leiomyoma olgusu sunulmaktadır. Alınan anemnezde hayvanın genel durumunun iyi olduğu ancak aralıklı kolik (ağrı kesicilerle hafifletilen) ve kabızlık şikayetinin bulunduğu bildirilmiştir. Postmortem muayenede karın duvarının aşırı gergin olduğu görüldü. İleumun proksimalinde 12 cm çapında, bağırsak duvarına gömülü ve serozal yüzeyden dışarıya çıkıntı yapan, nodüler görünümlü, bağ doku kapsülü ile sınırlandırılmış, fibroelastik kıvamlı, iyi vaskularize olmuş bir kitleye rastlandı. Kitlenin kesit yüzü açık sarı-beyaz renkteydi ve iç içe geçmiş kas demetlerini andıran yapılar mevcuttu. Mikroskobik incelemede kitlenin gelişi güzel dizilmiş ve yer yer birbirleri içerisine girmiş düz kas hücrelerinden oluştuğu görüldü. Mitotik figürler yaygın değildi. Kesitlere uygulanan Crossman boyama yöntemi ile kitleyi oluşturan hücrelerinin, bağırsak duvarındaki kas tabakası ile benzer boyanma özelliği gösterdiği tespit edildi. İmmunohistokimyasal olarak tümör hücrelerinin alpha smooth muscle actin ile pozitif olarak boyandığı görüldü ve tümör leiomyoma olarak teşhis edildi.
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Twenty blood samples of zebras (Equus zebra zebra) from the Karoo National Park and the Bontebok National Park in South Africa, all seropositive for Theileria equi, were subjected to in vitro culture ...to identify carrier animals and to isolate the parasites. Sixteen animals had a detectable parasitaemia in Giemsa-stained blood smears examined before culture initiation, the remaining four animals were identified as T. equi carriers by in vitro culture. Cultures were initiated either in an oxygen-reduced gas mixture or in a 5% CO2-in-air atmosphere. Out of the 20 blood samples, 12 cultures of T. equi and two cultures of T. equi mixed with Babesia caballi were established. None of the four animals seropositive for B. caballi could be identified as carrier animals, whereas two seronegative samples became culture-positive for B. caballi.
Provider: EFG - The European Film Gateway EFG - The European Film Gateway - Institution: EFG - The European Film Gateway Istituto Luce - Cinecittà - Data provided by Europeana Collections- 117 - ...caption:\ "Kisimaio, formerly of Juboland (Kenia), is now the capital of the Italian Extregiuba, extreme strip of Somalia, on the borders of the English colony of Kenia\"- 204 - Italian flags fly atop the crenelated walls of the fort.- 193 - Lessona and other Italian authorities arrive and greet the armed men- 230 - caption:\... "that like all the warlike actions of the indigenous, culminates in a lively 'fantasy' of war\"- 113 - while Somalis pour water from some bottles, Lessona and Rava wet their heads\ "baptizing\"- 225 - a Somali warrior screams, standing on the top of a tree- 34 - the Italian authorities perform the fascist salute in front of the monument- 246 - a teleferic in operation for salt transport- 139 - Italian hunters accompanied by color guides- 209 - Lessona performs the fascist salute, greeting the ascari- 95 - a Somali cuts the belly of the animal's body- 3 - caption:\ "today, for the watchful impulse of the fascist government and the tenacious industriousness of numerous Italian dealers, is in full prosperity\"- 67 - ex-combatants sit around long boards, outdoors, consuming the meal- 75 - Somalis while dancing in honor of Italian authorities- 88 - caption:\ "the hunt for crocodiles by the indigenous people is continuous and ruthless, because over 500 people disappear, every year, without leaving trace\"- 102 - caption:\ "Alessandra: very important agrarian center in the fertile region of Juba\"- 24 - the images flow on the\ "\ fantasies" of the different Somali groups- 92 - the crocodile is reversed to the ground, killed, and a Somali cuts his head- 194 - caption:\ "at the wells of Uegit: a trough of camels\"- 126 - the male population is aligned in the street and performs the fascist salute- 39 - caption:\... "agricultural center of maximum importance for sure and great future, where numerous concessionaires -fiery and unconventional pioneers - grow bananas, cocci, cotton, peanuts, castor, cassia, corn etc.."- 94 - caption:\ "the bone or metal rings found in their stomachs, sometimes serve to identify some of the many missing persons\"- 155 - the departments of the ascari parade before the Italian authorities- 243 - caption:\ "in HORDIO and Dante (Hafun): the visit of one of the most perfect and important salt marsh centers in the world\"- 144 - the group of Italian authorities, including a woman, leaves the tents with rifles and starts for a hunting trip- 73 - Somalis in the square greet the authorities in a fascist way- 195 - camels and local people water wells- 178 - the route of the railway line leading from Djibouti to Addis Ababa is highlighted on paper.- 18 - the group of authorities walks greeting people on the sides- 125 - the population of Afmandù welcomes the Italian authorities- 165 - a woman washes her immersed face, up to her knees, in the water of a well- 211 - caption:\ "the 'fantasies' of Oddur's women call in memory the ancient Spanish domination\"- 182 - people start to get off and unload their luggage- 70 - panoramic views, from above, of the crowd gathered outdoors in front of a building in Merca- 2 - the caption appears:\ "Somalia, a region where at one time the pitfalls of nature allied to those of its wild people.\"- 64 - caption:\ "the delivery of the new beam tiles of 'Vittorio d'Africa'\"- 212 - a group of Somali women dance and clap their hands- 191 - of the ascari enter the enclosure of a military camp (?)- 17 - a group of Balilla and young Italians welcomes and greets the authorities- 21 - the procession enters the courtyard of the governor's Palace- 203 - group of Italian authorities heads to the entrance of the fort- 104 - arrival of cars with Italian authorities on board- 222 - Lessona gives recognition to Dubat warriors- 10 - the authorities greet each other on board the ship Crispi- 121 - Somali men and women play and dance- 118 - crowd gathered in front of a palace- 115 - Lessona, Rava and the other Italians toast- 114 - the group of Italian authorities jokes- 109 - caption:\ "the passage of the equator\"- 107 - the river- 101 - three Italians in the bush- 1 -\ "PART\ FIRST"- 116 - while Somalis perform fascist greeting, cars with Italian authorities on board cross the equator line- 240 - Italian authorities are stationary in the desert, supporting near cars, during a sandstorm- 106 - a building on whose roof flies the Italian flag- 227 - moments of the simulation of open field cattle raid- 46 - Italian authorities visit banana plantation- 23 - caption:\ "all the 'Cabile'de' surroundings, agreed in Mogadishu, express with fantasies their joy and devotion to the representative of the (SERCAL) government of Italy\"- 221 - caption:\ "rewards the value of the 'Dubat' most distinguished in action war\"- 105 - the population, deployed on the sides of the street, performs the fascist salute- 224 - caption:\ "interesting 'tactic' for a simulated raid of cattle\"- 169 - panoramic views of cultivated fields and plantations- 159 - the caption appears:\ "La S.A.I.S. (Italo Somala agricultural society) founded and directed by S.A.R. the Duke of Abruzzi - first among all the farmers of our colonies-.\"- 154 - moments of a military parade, along a road in Mogadishu, in front of the authorities- 37 - a group of Somalis greets, in a fascist way, Lessona and Rava, with their follow-up- 59 - caption:\ "at 9000 km. from the homeland numerous dealers -almost all ex-combatants and fascist- meet on the government agricultural experimental farm to celebrate the XXIV may of the year x\"- 12 - Ascari affixed behind a group of rocks, facing the sea, shoot cannon shots- 252 - panoramic view of a village by the sea- 97 - caption:\ "the Juba majestic perennial stream river, crosses much of the colony\"- 235 - dromedary caravan along the river bank: in the foreground a man takes water from the river- 208 - a body of the Marcia ascari running in an open field- 213 - caption:\ "at MUSTAIL. in the new field of 'Dubat' the tricolor\" rises, for the first time.- 232 - caption:\ "BELET UEN: military field towards boundaries\"- 30 - the authorities arrive in front of the monument and leave the car- 8 - a ship is moored offshore while two rowing boats land at shore.- 103 - views of Alessandra's huts and population- 96 - another man extracts from the gut of the crocodile of the rings and shows them- 51 - Somalis, in Indian row, carry on their shoulders helmets of newly collected bananas- 19 - a Mogadishu road with crowds shelved at the sides- 93 - a Somali shows the mozza head of the crocodile, then opens the jaws of the trophy macabre to show the denture- 77 - the population of the locality Brava greets and acclaims the visiting Italian authorities- 157 - in an aviation camp another parade of the ascari takes place in front of the authorities- 49 - Somali peasants hoe and work the land in a field while Italians observe- 183 - men of color charge on a wagon goods of the cordage- 192 - caption:\ "in abyssal territory the son of an Ethiopian ras pays homage to S.E. Lessona\"- 180 - on the last wagon, from the windows, a group of Italians in uniform protrudes- 133 - the caption appears:\ "the fauna of Somalia is among the richest in the world\"- 4 -\ "Mogadishu: white and sunny capital of Somalia\"- 40 - Somali workers plow a field with the help of oxen- 89 - a still alive crocodile is tied with ropes and surrounded by a group of Somalis- 83 - numerous bird nests on the branches of a plant- 32 - framing of some dignitaries and Somali chiefs, in ceremony dresses- 72 - Italian authorities observe people from the balcony of a palace- 99 - Somali intent on building a bridge under the leadership of an Italian- 207 - after a brief interruption of the images appears the caption:\ "balances military principals in the interior of the colony\"- 108 - a raft - ferry transports Italian authorities to the other side of the river- 120 - Lessona and the other Italian authorities pass under the gallery formed by the branches that the Somalis extend upwards, intertwining them- 54 - water flows into the duct of a drainage channel- 164 - shots of the lush vegetation along the banks of a river- 245 - vagoncini, along the tracks, carry the salt they pour in some places- 9 - caption:\ "on board the 'Crispi' governor S. Rava gives the benevenuto to S. Lessona, Undersecretary of state, who goes to visit our furthest overseas colony\"- 76 - caption:\ "also 'Brava' manifests his enthusiasm\"- 149 - the caption appears:\ "return to Mogadishu for the feast of the statute\"- 112 - caption:\ "the traditional baptism imposed on anyone who crosses, for the first time, the line that divides the two hemispheres\"- 173 - many men of color gathered near an ancient building- 242 - Italian authorities stroll, in an oasis, along the shore of a stream- 56 - caption:\ "the dam, on the Uebi-Scebeli, is named after the quadrumviro Cesare Maria de Vecchi, under whose government the main hydraulic works of the 'district'\" were devised and carried out.- 210 - the ascari marching with the dromedaries loaded with military equipment- 216 - Lessona and the other Italian authorities during the ceremony of the delivery of the pennant- 100 - Italians and Somalis in activity near the bridge under construction- 218 - Rava and other Italians perform the fascist salute- 129 - a Somali settles a white band around the body- 7 - glimpses and external views of the government Palace- 145 - hunters are affixed with rifles between the sterstraw- 202 - a group of black men is sitting on the ground at the foot of a tree and seems to participate in a game- 27 - the car with the group of Italian authorities on board runs along a Mogadishu road- 176 - images of the Eritrea region begin to flow on paper- 160 - other caption:\ "is the concessionaire of one of the larges
Savanna-grassland ecosystems are highly interactive due to effects among interconnected trophic elements. This can cause disturbance at one level in the trophic web to be propagated through that web ...to have effects far removed from the initial locus of disturbance. The reconstructed effects of rinderpest upon African savannas, acting directly upon susceptible grazers and browsers but indirectly upon many other ecosystem components, are used as a case history illustrating the propagation of disturbance in savanna ecosystems.
The diet of buffalo (Syncerus coffer) and Burchell's zebra (Equus burchelli) was investigated in the Addo Elephant National Park to test the hypothesis that the shortage of grass associated with ...thicket vegetation results in grazers increasing the proportion of dicotyledonous plant species in their diet. Diet composition, estimated from faecal analysis, indicated that 19 and 21 plant species were identified in the faeces of zebra and buffalo, respectively. Buffalo proved to have a higher percentage dicotyledonous (28.1 vs. 8.5 ) and lower percentage monocotyledonous (71.9 vs. 91.5 ) species in their diet than zebra. The grass Eragrostis curvula was found to be the dominant food item for both buffalo (18 of diet) and zebra (39 of diet) during the period of study. The present study indicated that a great proportion of the buffalo diet does in fact consist of grass, thereby refuting the perception that the Addo buffalo are primarily browsers. Both buffalo and zebra are specialised grazers and unsuited to a diet of browse. The probability of dietary shift by these grazers in the grass limited thicket vegetation is therefore challenged. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
Contagious equine metritis (CEM) is a sexually transmissible disease in mares. Although the disease is commonly diagnosed by culturing the causative bacterium Taylorella equigenitalis (T. ...equigenitalis), false negative results do occur. A recently developed Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay, however, appeared to be much more sensitive, with initial results indicating an unexpected high incidence of the agent in selected horses. In this study, samples from 107 randomly selected mares with no clinical signs of CEM submitted for conventional culture were all negative for T. equigenitalis, but in the PCR-assay 54 (49%) were positive for Taylorella-DNA. Positives in the PCR-assay were found in all breeds tested, even in horses imported from the isolated population in Iceland. These findings suggest that T. equigenitalis was present long before it was first isolated in 1977. The high incidence of Taylorella in horse populations without apparent clinical signs of CEM, the occurrence of incidental clinical case and the known variability between strains, all indicate that Taylorella is endemic in the horse population. In order to explore whether the organism is present in species other than the horse, we also used the PCR-assay on clinically healthy donkeys (n=14), zebras (n=15), Przewalski horses (n=2) and cows (n=21). All the animals showed negative results except one of the Przewalski horses, and one cow that was repeatedly found to give positive reaction. We also found that the fertility of 7 stallions with cultures positive for Taylorella (6 used in an AI-program and 1 by natural breeding) was not affected, as shown by the normal range of foaling rates in mares inseminated or bred by these stallions. The overall results may be interpreted to mean that Taylorella is of limited significance in horse breeding
Rapid evolution of horse satellite DNA Wijers, E.R; Zijlstra, C; Lenstra, J.A
Genomics (San Diego, Calif.),
10/1993, Letnik:
18, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The major satellite of the horse genome consists of about 1 million copies of a 221-bp tandem repeat unit. By fluorescence in situ hybridization it has been localized in the centromeres of 58 of the ...64 horse chromosomes. The donkey genome contains a similar but not identical satellite. Strikingly, the equine repeat did not hybridize to DNA of the Grevy zebra, despite the divergence of the horse and zebra only 3 to 5 million years ago and the ability of these species to crossbreed. The evolution of satellite DNA in the Equidae is more rapid than that in other mammalian families, which may be explained by their rapid karyotypic evolution.
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