Dystocia in a Grevyzebra Kloeppel, R. (Zoologischer Garten Frankfurt am Main (Germany, F.R.))
Berliner und Münchener tierärztliche Wochenschrift,
(1991), Letnik:
104, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Immobilization and anesthesia of two hand-reared zebras Lin, H.C. (Auburn University, AL); Thurmon, J.C; Benson, G.J ...
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association,
1993-Mar-15, Letnik:
202, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This report describes our experiences with 2 drug combinations that were used safely and effectively to immobilize and anesthetize 2 hand-reared zebras. Zebras were sedated with xylazine ...hydrochloride or detomidine. The latter is more potent and of more use in healthy, vigorous animals. Anesthesia was induced with thiamylal/guaifenesin or tiletamine/zolazepam. The latter is more convenient because a quick, simple IV injection will preclude the necessity for physical restraint required to administer a large volume of guaifenesin/thiobarbiturate combination. Tracheal intubation was easily accomplished with either induction regimen, and inhalation anesthetic was used for longer periods of anesthesia.
This study investigated the seasonal patterns of vegetation community use by the Cape mountain zebra within the Mountain Zebra National Park over one seasonal cycle. Day-time censuses revealed that ...the zebras utilised all the different vegetation commu- nities that were defined in the park, with the exception of the riparian bush community. Year-round the zebras made greatest use of the grassland vegetation communities, together with those shrubland and dwarf shrubland communities that offered high grass biomasses. Selectivity for vegetation communities was greatest during the wet season, when the zebras favoured those grassland communities on the plateaus over other vegetation communities on the mountain slopes and in the ravines. During the dry season the zebras showed a greater diversity in their use of vegetation communities, and made greater use of those vegetation communities on the mountain slopes and in the ravines. The results suggest that the seasonal variations in vegetation community use by the zebras were in response to changes in the annual rainfall pattern.
The study aimed at determining an appropriate sampling design for monitoring the quality of mountain zebra habitat. The parameter used for monitoring was an index of habitat suitability. The value of ...this index was greater than 20 in the habitat that was most favoured by the mountain zebras, whereas values below 20 were characteristic of moderate to poor habitat. It is recommended that if the index in the most favoured habitat declines to below 20, management intervention in the form of a reduction in stocking rate of large herbivores should be considered. A sample size of 20 randomly located monitoring plots should be adequate to detect a decline to below the critical level. There was considerable patchiness in the distribution of grazing pressure within plant communities, and this needs to be taken into account in the design of the monitoring programme.
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Nematodes recovered from the hindgut of zebras were examined with scanning and transmission electron microscopy for microorganisms. Microorganisms were observed attached to the posterior extremities ...of two groups of nematodes, atractids and cyathostomes. Novel techniques were used to culture the microorganisms, and these included rinses to reduce contamination from hindgut flora and the design of the culture media. Electron microscopy revealed a flat bacterium not previously observed, as well as small rods and segmented filamentous bacteria. Culturing techniques resulted in isolation of a Propionibacterium species
Twenty-five Burchell's zebras (Equus burchelli antiquorum) which were culled at monthly intervals in the Kruger National Park were examined for helminths. Twenty-nine species of nematodes belonging ...to the families Atractidae, Habronematidae, Onchocercidae, Oxyuridae, Strongylidae, Strongyloididae and Trichostrongylidae were recovered. The cyathostomes (small strongyles) most abundant were Cyathostomum tetracanthum, Cylicostephanus calicatus, Cylindropharynx sp. (? C. intermedia Theiler, 1923) and Cylicocyclus auriculatus. Cyathostomum alveatum, Cyathostomum montgomeryi, Cylicostephanus calicatus and Cylindropharynx sp. (? C. intermedia Theiler, 1923) were the most prevalent cyathostomes (small strongyles) while Craterostomum acuticaudatum was the most prevalent of the large strongyles. Of all the species recovered those most abundant were Crossocephalus viviparus and Probstmayria vivipara with intensities of 100 to 3,857,772 and 18,400 to 104,120,467, respectively. Four new species, two Triodontophorus spp. (Strongylidae) and two Habronema spp. (Habronematidae) were identified. Furthermore, this study furnishes a first report of Triodontophorus minor in zebras. The fourth stage cyathostomes as well as the adults of 11 of the 14 species were present in significantly greater intensities in autumn and winter.
Previous studies from this laboratory have described the properties of purified luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from horse and donkey anterior pituitary glands. The ...present study afforded the opportunity to further characterize these previously purified hormone preparations and to compare them with enriched gonadotropin fractions from zebra pituitary glands. Although a single LH and FSH fraction was usually obtained for each pool of pituitaries, two separate zebra LH and two donkey FSH preparations were generated. Purified hormone preparations from the horse were designated eLH and eFSH. Preparations zLH-A, zLH-B, and zFSH were obtained from zebra pituitaries, and fractions dLH, dFSH-A, and dFSH-B were prepared from donkey pituitary glands. These preparations were analyzed by LH and FSH radioimmunoassays (RIAs), radioreceptor assays (RRAs), LH bioassay, and chromatofocusing. Clear immunological differences were observed between equid gonadotropins. Homologous RIAs for eLH and eFSH did not cross-react similarly, or in a parallel fashion, with gonadotropins from the donkey and zebra. In contrast, RIAs capable of assessing LH or FSH in a wide number of species showed all equid gonadotropin preparations to have considerable activity and to produce parallel dilution curves. Relative to eLH (1.00), zLH-A was found to have higher LH bioactivity:LH RIA (2.50), LH RRA:LH RIA (1.42), and LH bioactivity: LH RRA (2.21) activity ratios. The dLH and zLH-B fractions only differed from eLH in LH RRA:LH RIA activity (0.69 and 0.62, respectively). Only LH from the horse possessed clear intrinsic FSH-receptor-binding activity.
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