Traditionally associated with demands for superior quality and social status, luxury consumption is expected to undergo important transformations in the coming decades. Following a series of societal ...changes, the environmental impacts generated by companies have become decisive factors in purchasing decisions. Authors have also been stressing the effect of sustainability performance on assorted dimensions of B2C relationships, thereby putting pressure on companies to incorporate these trends. While luxury brands have sought to adapt their business models, a series of unsustainable practices continue to be part of their day‐to‐day operations. Among the most controversial is the burning of unsold products as a way of preserving brand value. In addition to attracting unwanted attention from the media, the destruction of fully functional products often triggers harsh reactions from environmentalists, as well as from consumers who are more sensitive to these issues. The prospect of growing demands for environmental responsibility, coupled with the perception that any failure in this regard represents a risk to the reputational assets of luxury companies, makes the investigation of inventory burning in relation to stakeholders' perceptions an urgent task. Aiming to offer new insights into the future of sustainable luxury consumption, we assess the impact of this practice on two key components of consumer perception. Through two scenario‐based experiments with a total sample of 492 participants, we investigate the effects of inventory burning on consumer trust and avoidance of luxury brands. Our results indicate the need for luxury brands to further incorporate environmental demands as they seek to serve increasingly demanding eco‐conscious consumers.
P-factor in the USLE, the ratio of soil loss between conservation meausures plot and up and down plowing plot, of 4 soil conservation measures namely bench terrace (BT), intermittent terrace (IT), ...hillside ditch (HD), and contour bund (CB) was determined based on soil loss during 1980 to 1990 observed from three replications of 5*20 meter runoff plots on 30 percent slopling area at Mae Sa integrated Watershed and Forest Land-use Project, Chiang Mai. Results showed that P-factor for BT, IT, HD and CB was averaged at 0.128, 0.245, 0.299 and 0.214 respectively. The same pattern of erosion control efficiency was also derived when P-factor was determined based on soil loss per a unit of rainfall factor and on mm of water loss.
Efficiency of four soil and water conservation measures namely contour bund (CB), hillside ditch (HD), intermittent terrace (IT) and bench terrace (BT) determined by P-factor in the Universal Soil ...Loss Equation (USLE) was evaluated using soil loss observed from three replications of 5*20 runoff plots in the Mae Sa Integrated Watershed and Forest Land Use Project, Changwat Chiang Mai. Observed soil and water losses during 1980 to 1990 were employed in the study. The efficiency (P-factor in USLE) was calculated as the ratio of soil loss from each conservation practice and that of check plot (CK). Results showed that P-factor for CB, HD, IT and BT was 0.214, 0.299, 0.245 and 0.128 respectively. The same manner of erosion control efficiency was derived when P-factor was determined basing on 1 mm of runoff in the respective plots. Relationship between storm runoff and storm rainfall indicated by coefficient of determination (R*2)) was less than 0.50 for all measures. The same pattern of (R*2)) was also obtained for the relationship between soil loss and storm rainfall but increasing with highly significant when surface runoff and age of the measures were added in the prediction equations.
Works on Old Testament historiography, the 'Conquest', and the origins of ancient Israel have burgeoned in recent days. But while others have been issuing new reconstructions this novel work presents ...a close reading of the biblical text. The focus is on the literary techniques that ancient writers employed in narrating stories of conquest, and the aim is to pinpoint their communicative intentions in their own contexts. This reading is enhanced by engagement with the important discipline of the philosophy of history. Ancient Conquest accounts, replete with extensive quotations from Assyrian, Hittite and Egyptian conquest accounts, is a learned and methodologically sensitive study of a wide range of ancient Near Eastern texts as well as of Joshua 9-12.
碩士
國立中興大學
財務金融系所
95
Abstract
In the recent years, Convertible bond (CB) is a very important finance method to enterprises in domestic. Most of papers use Nelson and Ramaswamy’s(1990) transform ...process to not only must make the transformation but also calculate the probability in every node. So it takes time to process all procedures. Our paper uses the basic of simple binomial tree, and further constructed stock options pricing model with stochastic interest rate. In the other words, we constructed the quaternary tree with two-factor (pyramidal form) which was composed by interest rate and stock’s price. In the process of establishing pricing model, we use coercive recombine, fix the probability, establish all lattice configuration fleetly and apply to pricing European-style options, American-style options, and CB.
We find bond’s prices and European-style call option’s prices which use our lattice algorithm when ∆t becomes very small that the prices converged to formula’s solutions. So, our algorithm has exis
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