Study of the pattern of relapse for locally advanced oesophageal cancer and analysis of the local recurrences according to irradiated volume. We performed a monocentric retrospective study of patients treated in the integrated centre of oncology (Angers, France). Two treatment strategies were used: concurrent chemoradiation alone or followed by surgery. Recurrences were classified as: locoregional, either isolated or associated with distant metastasis, and metastatic only. Locoregional relapses were subclassified as in-field, out-field, or mixed. Between March 2004 and October 2011, 168 patients were treated: 130 by chemoradiation, and 38 by chemoradiation followed by surgery. The median supero-inferior margins added to the gross tumour volume in order to create the planning tumour volume was 5cm (range: 0.5-21). Sixty-two percent of patients (n=104) relapsed: 82 locoregional relapses (49%), including 45 isolated relapses (27%) and 37 associated with distant metastasis relapses (22%), and 22 metastatic relapses (13%). From the 82 locoregional relapses, only four isolated relapses were exclusively out-field. With 5cm supero-inferior margins added to gross tumour volume, less than 3% of patients had an isolated out-field recurrence. However, half of the patients suffered in-field local recurrence and one third had metastases. These findings advocate for a limited prophylactic nodal irradiation. Trials are ongoing to assess dose escalation or surgery in order to increase local control.