Burden distribution at the furnace throat plays an important role in blast furnace (BF) iron-making, which influences the furnace efficiency and stable operation. Burden distribution matrix (BDM) is a key operating variable to adjust a reasonable burden distribution. However, due to complex iron-making mechanism, it is difficult for operators to formulate BDM to achieve a reasonable burden distribution in practice. Focus on this challenge, this paper studies the burden distribution model and proposes a decision method of adjusting BDM based on Dandelion Optimizer (DO). Finally, simulation results demonstrate that the decision model based on DO has better reliability and generalization performance, comparing with other models which are based on the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Simulated Annealing (SA).