Since April 2012, when the Japanese National Health Insurance began covering orthodontic treatment for oligodontia, interest in this treatment has increased among general dentists, guardians, and the patients themselves. Developmental problems not only affect jawbone growth in the present, but also affect future establishment of stable occlusion, midline alignment, and management of space for prostheses. We examined 31 patients with oligodontia (12 boys and 19 girls) who were between 7 y 1 m and 14 y 9 m of age at the initial examination (dental age IIIA‐IVA) to identify characteristic features in the patterns of missing teeth and craniofacial morphology. The maxillofacial morphology of patients with oligodontia during development suggested reductions in the mandibular plane angle and lower anterior facial height. We found that the maxillary anterior teeth and maxillary first molars were in a low vertical position, which conceivably affects overlap of the anterior teeth. (J Osaka Dent Univ 2021; 55: 263‐269)