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R Abou Yassine; Adamczewski-Musch, J; Atomssa, E T; Becker, M; Behnke, C; Berger-Chen, J C; Blanco, A; Blume, C; Böhmer, M; Chlad, L; Chudoba, P; Ciepal, I; Deveaux, C; Dittert, D; Epple, E; Fabbietti, L; Fonte, P; Franco, C; Friese, J; Fröhlich, I; Galatyuk, T; Garzon, J A; Gernhäuser, R; Greifenhagen, R; Grunwald, M; Harabasz, S; Heinz, T; Höhne, C; Hojeij, F; Idzik, M; Kämpfer, B; K-H Kampert; Kedych, V; Koenig, W; Kohls, M; Korcyl, G; Kornakov, G; Kornas, F; Kotte, R; Kugler, A; Kunz, T; Lalik, R; Lapidus, K; Linev, S; Lopes, L; Lorenz, M; Mahmoud, T; Maier, L; Malige, A; Maurus, S; Metag, V; Mihaylov, D M; Molenda, A; Münzer, R; Naumann, L; Nowakowski, K; J -H Otto; Parpottas, Y; Parschau, M; Pauly, C; Pechenova, O; Pietraszko, J; Povar, T; Prozorov, A; Przygoda, W; Pysz, K; Ramstein, B; Rathod, N; Rodriguez-Ramos, P; Rost, A; Salabura, P; Scheib, T; Schild, N; Schuldes, H; Schwab, E; Scozzi, F; Seck, F; Sellheim, P; Siebenson, J; Silva, L; Smyrski, J; Spataro, S; Spies, S; Stefaniak, M S; Ströbele, H; Stroth, J; Strzempek, P; Sturm, C; Sumara, K; Svoboda, O; M Szala; Tlusty, P; Traxler, M; Tsertos, H; Vazquez-Doce, O; Weber, A A; Wendisch, C; Wiebusch, M G; Zbroszczyk, H P; Zetenyi, M
arXiv.org, 06/2022Paper, Journal Article
First information on the timelike electromagnetic structure of baryons in the second resonance region has been obtained from measurements of invariant mass and angular distributions in the quasi-free reaction \(\pi^- p \to nee\) at \(\sqrt{s_{\pi^- p}}\) = 1.49 GeV with the High Acceptance Di-Electron Spectrometer (HADES) detector at GSI using the pion beam impinging on a CH\(_2\) target. We find a total cross section \(\sigma (\pi^- p \to nee) = 2.97 \pm 0.07^{data} \pm 0.21^{acc} \pm 0.31^{\rm{Z}_{\rm{eff}}} \mu\)b. Combined with the Partial Wave Analysis of the concurrently measured two-pion channel, these data sets provide a crucial test of Vector Meson Dominance (VMD) inspired models. The commonly used "strict VMD" approach strongly overestimates the \(e^+e^-\) yield. Instead, approaches based on a VMD amplitude vanishing at small \(e^+e^-\) invariant masses supplemented coherently by a direct photon amplitude provide a better agreement. A good description of the data is also obtained using a calculation of electromagnetic timelike baryon transition form factors in a covariant spectator-quark model, demonstrating the dominance of meson cloud effects. The angular distributions of \(e^+e^-\) pairs demonstrate the contributions of virtual photons with longitudinal polarization, in contrast to real photons. The virtual photon angular dependence supports the dominance of J=3/2, I=1/2 contributions observed in both the \(\gamma^{\star} n\) and the \(\pi \pi n\) channels.
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