Today, essential oils (EOs), one of the most important natural products, have substituted pharmacologically relevant agents. Rosa damascena Mill, as an oil-bearing plant, has been widely used for this purpose. However, modern techniques to increase EOs, secondary metabolites (SMs), and chemical compounds of rose landraces have been less studied. Recently chelated Zinc (C-Zn) and chelated Iron (C-Fe) have affected SMs and EO compositions. Hence, a Split-split plot experiment on a randomized complete block design was conducted to investigate the foliar application of C-Zn (0, 1, 2, and 4 g L –1 ) and C-Fe (0, 1, 2, and 4 g L –1 ) on three landraces Qamsar (QA), Khoy (KY), and Gounbarf (GN). HPLC and GC-MS analysis revealed the significant differences accrued via the foliar application of chelated fertilizers. C-Zn and C-Fe (4 g L –1 ) produced the highest level of proline content and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) enzyme activity. A positive correlation was found between proline content and PAL activity. Phenolic acids (gallic, caffeic, chlorogenic, and coumaric) and flavonoids (rutin, quercetin, kaempferol, and apigenin) were found in the methanolic extract of Damask rose. The most abundant compounds in QA were nonadecane (22.43%), citronellol (12.76%), geraniol (11.23%), and heneicosane (10.18%), respectively. Results indicated that genetic diversity is probably one of the factors that can affect SMs and EO production in Damask rose landraces. Furthermore, chelated fertilizers affected phenolic acids, flavonoids, and EOs composition. Overall, C-Zn and C-Fe application on QA could increase in antioxidant activity of produced compounds and act as a suitable treatment to be used in therapeutic processes.