This article reviews the small percentage of thyroid tumours that are not classified as classic papillary thyroid carcinoma, follicular thyroid carcinoma, and medullary thyroid carcinoma. It includes subtypes of papillary thyroid carcinoma, including, tall‐cell, hobnail/micropapillary, columnar cell, diffuse sclerosing and solid variants. Poorly differentiated carcinoma, high‐grade carcinoma and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma are reviewed. Also discussed are entities that are unusual but need to be recognized as primary thyroid neoplasms, i.e. mucoepidermoid carcinoma, sclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma with eosinophilia, and mammary analogue secretory carcinoma/secretory carcinoma. The pathological features and prognostic factors are described; a brief review of molecular correlates of these neoplasms is included.