The contents of anthraquinone (ATQ) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (anthracene (ANT) and PAH4) in smoked Frankfurter-style sausages were investigated depending on various smoking conditions. During smoking, the smoke generator, the smoking duration, the type of wood, and some more plant-specific parameters were tested. The sausages were also barbecued on a charcoal grill. The lowest mean contents of all analytes were observed when friction smoke was used (ATQ < limit of quantification (LOQ); ANT < LOQ; PAH4 < limit of detection (LOD)) and the highest when the settings of ventilations flaps were changed (ANT 36.3 μg/kg; PAH4 2.2 μg/kg) or at an intensive smoke density (ATQ 3.2 μg/kg). The contents increased with the smoking time, but irregularities were detected after 10 min. The use of different types of wood had no influence on the ATQ content but affected the PAH content. In barbecued samples, ATQ and ANT contents were detected at the level of friction smoke and maximum PAH4 contents were found above the exposure during smoking. Due to the varying influence of the smoking parameters on the two analytes, there was no direct correlation between the contents of ATQ and ANT in all smoking experiments.