•Celebrity images lead to poorer body image than travel images.•Neither disclaimer captions nor body positive captions have any effect.•Effects of celebrity images are mediated by state appearance comparison and moderated by trait appearance comparison. Research has shown that exposure to Instagram images is harmful for women’s body image. Although Instagram consists of photos of both peers and celebrities, the top followed Instagram accounts are held by thin and attractive female celebrities. The present study aimed to experimentally investigate whether two forms of Instagram caption could mitigate the detrimental effect of celebrity images on women’s body image. Participants were 256 female undergraduate students who were assigned to view a set of celebrity images with either no caption, a disclaimer caption, or a body positive caption, or a control set of travel images. Results showed that exposure to celebrity images, in comparison to travel images, increased body dissatisfaction and decreased body appreciation. However, there was no significant effect of either form of caption. The effect of celebrity images was mediated by state appearance comparison and moderated by trait appearance comparison. It was concluded that the addition of disclaimer or body positive captions by attractive celebrities does not serve to improve women’s body image.