Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a member of the calcium apatite family that has been widely employed as an implant material in bone tissue regeneration (osteogenesis) and as a drug carrier in the drug delivery system. HAp exhibits excellent biocompatibility, high bioactivity, excellent osteoconduction, osteointegration, and osteoinductive properties. Emerging technology plays a vital role in exploring the various forms of hydroxyapatite for different regenerative purposes in vitro and in vivo. Nanostructured HAp can attach proteins and generate regulated apatite structures to promote the basic structure of bone and other tissues. This review summarizes hydroxyapatite extraction from natural sources including mammalian, marine, shell, and plant sources. Synthesis of HAp from synthetic precursor via different dry (solid-state and mechanochemical method) and wet processes (Sol-gel, hydrothermal, and chemical precipitation) has been described. Moreover, the effect of doping of various ions and compounding with natural and synthetic polymer and their application in tissue engineering has been discussed in detail. Composite biomaterials with HAp showed better cell adhesion and cell proliferation and in-vivo studies showed significant bone formation with hydroxyapatite composite materials. This review gives comprehensive insights into the development of HAp based material for tissue engineering.