In the context of the widely recognized concept of inclusive green growth, it is of great practical significance to study the measurement of inclusive green growth, its temporal characteristics and its spatial heterogeneity. However, it should be noted that most existing studies only consider the situation of China when constructing inclusive green growth indices, and such studies lack international comparators. The index selection dimension is relatively single, and the temporal characteristics and spatial heterogeneity are rarely studied simultaneously. In this study, a spatial correlation analysis method is introduced, and the time series characteristics and spatial heterogeneity of inclusive green growth are deeply analyzed by means of a Moran’ I and LISA agglomeration diagram. The results show that: (1) Economic development, fair opportunity, green production and consumption and ecological environment protection are important factors affecting the level of inclusive green growth, but their development is not balanced; (2) Inclusive green growth has obvious time series characteristics, but there are great differences between provinces and regions; (3) The inclusive green growth has significant spatial heterogeneity. From 2010 to 2019, the inclusive green growth level has a dynamic evolution process. Moran’s I Index Global Spatial Test results show that inclusive green growth has obvious spatial autocorrelation, that is, it has great spatial differences. Local spatial test results also show that the inclusive green growth in China has obvious spatial aggregation characteristics. Therefore, it is important to coordinate the development of inclusive green growth between provinces and regions and improve the overall level of inclusive green growth in the future.