This study applied a person-centered approach to differentiate the usage of cognitive emotion regulation strategies among subgroups of individuals by employing latent profile analyses. The subgroups were identified according to their temperament type (informing about how people formally process emotional stimuli) and anxiety/depression types (indicating what the content of processed emotional stimuli is). Specifically, we: (a) examined the existence of latent personality profiles based on two temperament types, high/low stimulation processing capacities, on the behavioral level that manifested themselves as a strength and adequacy of processing, and anxiety (arousal, apprehension) and depression types (valence, anhedonic), representing an affective content in the identified profiles. We further (b) explored how these profiles relate to cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Participants (N = 678; 52.6% females, age of 18–65 years) completed three questionnaires assessing: temperament; anxiety and depression types; and cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Five latent affective-temperament profiles were identified with a series of latent profile analyses: Strong-Anhedonic, Weak-Apprehension, Strong-Healthy, Weak-Valence, and Very Weak-Anhedonic. The results indicated significant between-profile differences in cognitive emotion regulation strategies. This study enables applicative recommendations to be formulated concerning the effective usage of cognitive emotion regulation strategies.