Display omitted •Bioinspired jellyfish-like carbon/manganese nanomotor is developed.•Near-infrared light and H2O2 dual-propulsion is achieved.•Cooperation of dual-propulsion and •OH catalytic activity actively enhances tumor chemodynamic therapy. Chemodynamic therapy (CDT), which catalyzes the production of highly toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), has been widely used in tumor therapy in the past five years. However, most of the current nanomaterials for CDT are difficult to penetrate into the tumor effectively due to the lack of motility, resulting in an unsatisfactory CDT effect. Herein, bioinspired jellyfish-like carbon/manganese nanomotors (JCMNs) are designed to achieve hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and NIR light dual-propulsion for the enhanced CDT therapy. Based on the jellyfish-like asymmetric structure, the manganese component can catalyze H2O2 to generate chemical concentration gradient, propelling JCMNs to dynamically generate ROS in cells by self-diffusiophoresis. In addition, the carbon component of JCMNs can absorb near-infrared (NIR) light to produce a temperature gradient, driving JCMNs to enhance tumor penetration by self-thermophoresis. The combination of chemical and NIR light propulsions significantly improves the efficiency of tumor CDT, revealing that it should be a reasonable strategy to promote the development of nanobiomedicine by endowing nanosystems with propulsion capacity.