This paper intends to contribute to a better knowledge of the production and rehydration of thermoactivated recycled cement and its incorporation in cement-based materials. To this end, the influence of the treatment temperature on the properties of recycled cements and recycled cement pastes was assessed by means of a wide array of tests. Anhydrous recycled cement as well as the resulting pastes were characterized through density and particle size, water demand and setting time, thermogravimetry, X-ray diffraction, field emission gun scanning electron microscopy, isothermal calorimetry, Si nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, flowability, mechanical strength, mercury intrusion porosimetry and scanning electron microscopy. The treatment temperature had a significant influence on the dehydration and hydration of recycled cement, essentially resulting in the formation of C S polymorphs of varying reactivity, which led to pastes of different fresh and hardened behaviors. The high water demand and the pre-hydration of recycled cement resulted in high setting times and low compressive strengths. The highest mechanical strength was obtained for a treatment temperature of 650 °C.