The emotions and thoughts that appear in people with malignant diseases during diagnostics, treatment and rehabilitation, represent a complex problem area for the patient, social enviroment, as well as professionals from biomedical, humanities, social and other sciences. The way that an adult or child experiences the threat to it's own existence is very important when coping with their disease during treatment and rehabilitation. Psychosocial oncology as an interdisciplinary field of study is presented within some study programs at various universities and clinical institutions worldwide and within the course “Psychosocial oncology" at the Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation Sciences at the University of Zagreb. Some clinical and scientific researches that were conducted during the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with breast cancer, as well as in children with solid malignant tumors are shown. The need for adequate university education of professionals in the field of rehabilitation sciences is emphasized, so they may be abled with their acquired competencies during their studies and/or after various specializations, to provide complementary forms of psychoemotional and psychosocial support to patients.