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Pons-Fuster, Eduardo; Bernal, Enrique; Guillamón, Concepción F; Gimeno, Lourdes; Martínez-Sánchez, María V; Ruiz-Lorente, Inmaculada; Campillo, José A; Ceballos, Diana; Torres, Ana; Tomás, Cristina; Muñoz, Ángeles; Alcaraz, Antonia; Selma, Pedro; Ruiz-Nicolas, Carlos; Muro, Manuel; Minguela, Alfredo
Infectious diseases (London, England), 2024-May-14Journal Article
HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) in stable patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART) may result from ongoing immune dysregulation and chronic inflammation. A contributing factor may result from the unstable HLA class I allele, HLA-C*07. To assess the genetic profile of killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR), human leukocyte antigens (HLA), and immune activation or senescence markers and their association with HAND in stable HIV-1 patients receiving ART. An observational cross-sectional study was carried out with 96 patients with asymptomatic or symptomatic HAND. HLA and KIR as well as immune activation/senescence biomarkers in peripheral blood cells were assessed by SSO-Luminex typing and flow cytometry, respectively. HLA-C*07 is associated with symptomatic HAND. The frequency of two copies of HLA-C*07 was higher in patients with symptomatic than with asymptomatic HAND (12.0 vs. 2.2%, < 0.001). The percentage of senescent CD8 CD28 T-cells was higher in patients with two copies of HLA-C*07 ( < 0.05). In patients with symptomatic HAND, the percentages of non-senescent CD8 CD28 T cells were inversely proportional to the number of copies of the HLA-C*07 ( < 0.05). Patients with symptomatic HAND showed a higher frequency of the homozygotic unstable HLA-C*07 allotype, which could be associated with neurocognitive complications. Two copies of HLA-C*07 were associated with immune senescent T lymphocyte profiles characterized by the loss of CD28 expression.
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