...in the last section, results of studies focusing on the development of innovative tools and methods to assess and improve gait, balance and cognitive functions in neurological patients are reported. Since aging is known to increase the falling risk, the Sensory Organization Test (SOT) applied to old people appears to be a useful tool for assessing postural stability, risk of falling, and balance improvement during rehabilitation. ...Moon et al. stressed that SOT has limitations (high cost, lack of portability etc.) that hinder its use in clinical practice. ...they developed an innovative system, called VR-ComBAT (for “Virtual Reality Comprehensive Balance Assessment and Training”), that provides a safe, feasible, and cost-effective virtual reality environment allowing the investigation of multisensory integration in balance control. ...much attention has been given to the investigation of both gait and postural control in patients with various neuromusculoskeletal conditions, either to establish baseline comparisons with healthy individuals, track natural history of diseases or assess clinical improvement following clinical interventions.