JAMES TURNER JOHNSON. The Holy War Idea in Western and Islamic Traditions. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1997. Pp. ix, 185. $16.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Sarah Ansari MARCELO TILMAN SCHMITT. Die romische Auβflenpolitik des 2. Jahrhunderts n. Chr.: Friedenssicherung oder Expansion? Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1997. Pp. 211. DM 76. Reviewed by A. R. Birley MICHAEL GRANT. From Rome to Byzantium: The Fifth Century AD. London and New York: Roudedge, 1998. Pp. xiii, 203. $40.00 (US). Reviewed by Warren Treadgold N. A. M. RODGER. The Safeguard of the Sea: A Naval History of Britain: Volume I: 660-1649. London: HarperCollins, 1997. Pp. xxviii, 691. £25.00. Reviewed by John B. Hattendorf DENIS SINOR. Studies in Medieval Inner Asia. Aldershot: Variorum, 1997; dist. Brookfield: Ashgate. Pp. vii, 340. $98.95 (US); STEPHAN CONERMANN and JAN KUSBER, eds. Die Mongolen in Asien und Europa. Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 1997. Pp. 245. $44.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Peter Jackson DAVID JACOBY. Trade, Commodities, and Shipping in the Medieval Mediterranean. Aldershot: Variorum, 1997; dist. Brookfield: Ashgate. Pp. ix, 340. $98.95 (US). Reviewed by John H. Munro MARY STROLL. The Medieval Abbey of Farfa: Target of Papal and Imperial Ambitions. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1997. Pp. xii, 298. NLG 164.5. Reviewed by H. E. J. Cowdrey REINHOLD C. MUELLER. Money and Banking in Medieval and Renaissance Venice: Volume II: The Venetian Money Market: Banks, Panics, and the Public Debt, 1200-1500. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997. Pp. xxvi, 711. $65.00 (US). Reviewed by Nicholas Mayhew MAURICE MICHAEL, ed. and trans. The Annals of Jan Dlugosz: Annales seu cronicae incliti regni Poloniae. Chichester: IM Publications, 1997. Pp. xxviii, 673. £60.00. Reviewed by Paul W. Knoll PETER E. POPE. The Many Landfalls of John Cabot. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1997. Pp. xii, 244. $17.95 (CDN), paper. Reviewed by John T. 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Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 1997. Pp. xviii, 375. $60.00 (US). Reviewed by Dean R, Snow HERMAN DIEDERIKS and DAVID REEDER, eds. Cities of Finance. Amsterdam: Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1996. Pp. vii,320. NLG 85, paper. Reviewed by S. D. Chapman JACOB M. PRICE. Tobacco in Atlantic Trade: The Chesapeake, London, and Glasgow, 1675-1775. Aldershot: Variorum, 1995; dist. Brookfield: Ashgate. Pp. x, 316. $87.95 (US); JACOB M. PRICE. The Atlantic Frontier of the Thirteen American Colonies and States: Essays in Eighteenth-Century Commercial and Social History. Aldershot: Variorum, 1996; dist. Brookfield: Ashgate. Pp. ix, 270. $79.95 (US); JACOB M. PRICE. Overseas Trade and Traders: Essays on Some Commercial, Financial, and Political Challenges Facing British Atlantic Merchants, 1660-1775. Aldershot: Variorum, 1996; dist. Brookfield: Ashgate. Pp. xiv, 296. $79.95 (US). Reviewed by Jack P. Greene THEODORE W. ALLEN. The Invention of the White Race: Volume II: The Origins of Racial Oppression in Anglo-America. London and New York: Verso, 1997. Pp. ix, 372. $22.00 (US), paper. Reviewed by Russell R. Menard JOHN P. LEDONNE. The Russian Empire and the World, 1700-1917: The Geopolitics of Expansion and Containment. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. Pp. xix, 394. $66.95 (CDN), cloth; $34.00 (CDN), paper. Reviewed by David M. Goldfrank MICHAEL ROBERT HICKOK. Ottoman Military Administration in Eighteenth-Century Bosnia. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1997. Pp. xxiii, 190. $61.00 (US). Reviewed by Caroline Finkel MARIE PETERS. The Elder Pitt. London and New York: Longman, 1998. Pp. xiii, 284. £13.99, paper. Reviewed by Jeremy Black ANNE SALMOND. Between Worlds: Early Exchanges between Maori and Europeans, 1773-1815. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1997. Pp. 590. $45.00 (US). Reviewed by Glyndwr Williams GERMT KNAAP. Shallow Waters, Rising Tide: Shipping and Trade in Java around 1775. Leiden: KITLV Press, 1996. Pp. x, 255. NLG 50.00, paper. Reviewed by J. Kathirtthamby-Wells MARILYN MORRIS. The British Monarchy and the French Revolution. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1998. Pp. viii, 229. $28.50 (US).Reviewed by Peter S Pence HENRY MCKENZIE JOHNSTON. Ottoman and Persian Odysseys: James Morier, Creator of Hajji Baba of Ispahan, and His Brothers. London and New York: British Academic Press, 1998; dist. New York: St Martin's Press. Pp. xiii, 258. $49.50 (US). Reviewed by John Clarke DAVID GATES. The Napoleonic Wars: 1803-1815. London: Edward Arnold, 1997; dist. New York: St Martin's Press. Pp. xx, 304. $19.95 (US)i paper. Reviewed by Michael Rowe PETER HOFSCHROER. 1815: The Waterloo Campaign: Wellington, His German Allies, and the Battles of Ligny and Quatre Bras. London and Mechanicsburg: Greenhill Books and Stackpole Books, 1998. Pp. 398. £25.00. Reviewed by Owen Connelly PHILIP TOWLE. Enforced Disarmament: From the Napoleonic Campaigns to the Gulf War. New York: Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, 1997. Pp. viii, 268. $94.50 (CDN). Reviewed by Alan Sked JOHNSTON BIRCHALL. The International Co-operative Movement. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1997; dist. New York: St Martin's Press. Pp. x, 257. $32.95 (CDN), paper. Reviewed by Brett Fairbairn THANOS VEREMIS. The Military in Greek Politics: From Independence to Democracy. London: Hurst and Company, 1997. Pp. xvii, 227. £16.95, paper. Reviewed by Andre Gerolymatos ROBIN F. HAINES. Emigration and the Labouring Poor: Australian Recruitment in Britain and Ireland, 1831-60. New York: St Martin's Press, 1997. Pp. xvi, 397. $6995 (US).Reviewed by A.James Hammerton PETER RABY. Bright Paradise: Victorian Scientific Travellers. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997. Pp. 276. $14.95 (US)> paper. Reviewed by D. Graham Burnett ANTHONY HOWE. Free Trade and Liberal England, 1846-1946. New York: Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, 1997. Pp. xii, 336. $121.50 (CDN). Reviewed by Peter T. Marsh LAWRENCE J. MCCAFFREY. The Irish Catholic Diaspora in America. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 1998. Pp. ix, 253. $24.95 (US)> paper. Reviewed by John B. Duff FRANK NEAL. Black '47: Britain and the Famine Irish. New York: St Martin's Press, 1998. Pp. xv, 292. $69.95 (US). Reviewed by Alan O'Day M. G. WIEBE, MARY S. MILLER, and ANN P. ROBSON, eds. Benjamin Disraeli Letters: Volume VI: 1852-1856. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1997. Pp. lxxiv, 622. $125.00 (CDN). Reviewed by James J. Sack JOHN F. BEELER. British Naval Policy in the Gladstone-Disraeli Era, 1866-1880. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1997. Pp. xviii, 354. $49.50 (US). Reviewed by C. I. Hamilton JAMES R. RYAN. Picturing Empire: Photography and the Visualization of the British Empire. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1997. Pp. 272. $38.00 (US). Reviewed by Dane Kennedy DAVID C. EVANS and MARK R. PEATTIE. Kaigun: Strategy, Tactics, and Technology in the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1887-1941. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1997. Pp. xxv, 661. $49.95 (US). Reviewed by Carl Boyd SEBASTIAN BALFOUR. The End of the Spanish Empire, 1898-1923. New York: Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, 1997. Pp. vi, 269. $94.50 (CDN). Reviewed by Geoffrey Jensen ALFONSAS EIDINTAS, VYTAUTAS ŽALYS, and ALFRED ERICH SENN. Lithuania in European Politics: The Years of the First Republic, 1918-1940, ed. Edvardas Tuskenis. New York: St Martin's Press, 1997. Pp. 250. $45.00 (US). Reviewed by Patrick Salmon LOUISE YOUNG. Japan's Total Empire: Manchuria and the Culture of Wartim Imperialism. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998. Pp. xiii, 487. $45.00 (US). Reviewed by Yoshihisa Tak Matsusaka N. J. CROWSON. Facing Fascism: The Conservative Party and the European Dictators, 1935-1940. London and New York: Routledge, 1997. Pp. xii, 270. $75.00 (US). Reviewed by John D. Fair MANUEL SARKISYANZ. Adolf Hitlers englische Vorbilder: Vom britischen zum ostmärkisch-bajuwarischen Herrenmenschentum. Heidelberg: Buchhandlung Kurt Scholl, 1997. Pp. iii, 350. DM 38, paper. Reviewed by Norman J. W. Goda W. VINCENT ARNOLD. The Illusion of Victory: Fascist Propaganda and the Second World War. New York: Peter Lang, 1998. Pp. vi, 270. $49.95 (US). Reviewed by Marcia Landy DAVID ALVAREZ and ROBERT A. GRAHAM, SJ. Nothing Sacred: Nazi Espionage against the Vatican,1939-1945. London: Frank Cass, 1997; dist. Portland, Oreg.: ISBS. Pp. xiv, 190. $42.50 (US), clodi; $19.50 (US), paper. Reviewed by Peter C. Kent CARL VAN DYKE. The Soviet Invasion of Finland, 1939-40. London: Frank Cass, 1997; dist. Portland, Oreg.: ISBS. Pp. xiv, 270. $49.50 (US). Reviewed by David Smith WILLIAM D. RUBINSTEIN. The Myth of Rescue: Why the Democracies Could Not Have Saved More Jews from the Nazis. London and New York: Roudedge, 1997. Pp. xiii, 267. $25.00 (US). Reviewed by Henry L. Feingold BOB MOORE. Victims and Survivors: The Nazi Persecution of the Jews in the Netherlands, 1940-1945. London: Edward Arnold, 1997; dist. Don Mills, Ont.: Oxford University Press. Pp. x, 340. $48.95 (CDN), paper. Reviewed by N. David J. Barn