Neutral pion and Formula omitted meson invariant differential yields were measured in non-single diffractive p-Pb collisions at Formula omitted = 5.02 TeV with the ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC. The analysis combines results from three complementary photon measurements, utilizing the PHOS and EMCal calorimeters and the Photon Conversion Method. The invariant differential yields of Formula omitted and Formula omitted meson inclusive production are measured near mid-rapidity in a broad transverse momentum range of Formula omitted and Formula omitted, respectively. The measured Formula omitted ratio increases with Formula omitted and saturates for Formula omitted > 4 Formula omitted at Formula omitted. A deviation from Formula omitted scaling is observed for Formula omitted 2 Formula omitted. The measured Formula omitted ratio is consistent with previous measurements from proton-nucleus and pp collisions over the full Formula omitted range. The measured Formula omitted ratio at high Formula omitted also agrees within uncertainties with measurements from nucleus-nucleus collisions. The Formula omitted and Formula omitted yields in p-Pb relative to the scaled pp interpolated reference, Formula omitted, are presented for Formula omitted 20 Formula omitted and Formula omitted 20 Formula omitted, respectively. The results are compared with theoretical model calculations. The values of Formula omitted are consistent with unity for transverse momenta above 2 Formula omitted. These results support the interpretation that the suppressed yield of neutral mesons measured in Pb-Pb collisions at LHC energies is due to parton energy loss in the hot QCD medium.