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  • IS SURGICAL TREATMENT OF VE...
    Smiljanic, Iva; Knezevic, Predrag; Milic, Morena; Tarle, Marko; Laus, Perislav; Jurisic, Ivo

    Acta clinica Croatica (Tisak), 03/2023, Letnik: 62, Številka: S1
    Journal Article

    Velopharyngeal insufficiency is a disorder where the soft palate directs the air through the nose. It is often present in patients with previous cleft or short palate, but also in many other conditions. Symptoms are primarily to be found in speech, with very distinct nasal sound. After clinical evaluation and nasal endoscopy, surgery is considered. Several surgical techniques are in use, with posterior pharyngeal flap pharyngoplasty being most widely used. This method leaves the base of the posterior pharyngeal flap attached to the posterior pharyngeal wall, with two lateral ports on each side of the flap. Permanent nasopharyngeal obstruction is a very challenging pathology for anesthesiologists in case of mandatory nasal intubation since it is a relative contraindication for nasal intubation. Patients with previous palatoplasty will regularly appear in our routine anesthetic practice, in all surgical segments. The high risk of damage to the flap with possible bleeding can put the anesthesiologist in a very unpleasant situation if not aware of the permanent effect of this surgery. During preanesthetic assessment, if there is information on a previous pharyngoplasty, one should consider alternative options for nasotracheal intubation. All nasal insertion procedures must be either avoided or carried out with great caution, under fiberoptic visual control. Key words: Velopharyngeal insufficiency; Iatrogenic nasopharyngeal obstruction; Nasal intubation; Airway Velofaringealna insufficijencija stanje je kod kojega meko nepce zrak usmjerava kroz nos umjesto na usta. Cesta je kod bolesnika koji su imali rascjep nepca ili imaju kratko nepce, ali javlja se i u drugim bolestima. Simptomi su primarno govorne prirode, s vrlo izrazenim nazalnim prizvukom. Nakon klinickog pregleda i endoskopskog pregleda nazofarinksa odlucuje se o daljnjoj kirurskoj intervenciji. Danas je nekoliko kirurskih tehnika u opticaju, no najcesce se rabi faringoplastika s odizanjem sluznicno-misicnog reznja sa straznjega zida farinksa. Nakon ovog zahvata baza reznja ostaje pricvrscena za straznji zid farinksa, sa samo dva otvora sa svake lateralne strane reznja. Trajna opstrukcija nazofarinksa zahtjevna je patologija za anesteziologe u slucajevima koji zahtijevaju nosnu intubaciju, jer nova poslijeoperacijska anatomija predstavlja relativnu kontraindikaciju. Bolesnici kojima je ucinjena palatoplastika povremeno budu dio rutinske anestezioloske prakse u svim segmentima kirurgije. Visok rizik za ozljedu reznja uz popratno krvarenje moze anesteziologa staviti u neugodan polozaj ako nije upoznat s posljedicom koja bolesniku ostaje dozivotno nakon operacije. Kao dio anestezioloske prijeoperacijske procjene, ako znamo da je bolesniku ucinjena faringoplastika, svakako treba razmotriti alternativne nacine intubacije na nos. Svi postupci koji ukljucuju umetanje predmeta u nos treba ili izbjegavati ili raditi krajnje oprezno, uz obveznu kontrolu fiberoptickim bronhoskopom. Kljucne rijeci: Velofaringealna insufficijencija; Jatrogena opstrukcija nazofarinksa; Nosna intubacija; Disni put