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  • Membrane-anchored aspartyl ...
    Yan, Riqiang; Gurney, Mark E; Bienkowski, Michael J; Shuck, Mary E; Miao, Huiyi; Tory, Monica C; Pauley, Adele M; Brashler, John R; Stratman, Nancy C; Mathews, W. Rodney; Buhl, Allen E; Carter, Donald B; Tomasselli, Alfredo G; Parodi, Luis A; Heinrikson, Robert L

    Nature (London), 12/1999, Letnik: 402, Številka: 6761
    Journal Article

    Mutations in the gene encoding the amyloid protein precursor (APP) cause autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease. Cleavage of APP by unidentified proteases, referred to as β- and γ-secretases, generates the amyloid β-peptide, the main component of the amyloid plaques found in Alzheimer's disease patients. The disease-causing mutations flank the protease cleavage sites in APP and facilitate its cleavage. Here we identify a new membrane-bound aspartyl protease (Asp2) with β-secretase activity. The Asp2 gene is expressed widely in brain and other tissues. Decreasing the expression of Asp2 in cells reduces amyloid β-peptide production and blocks the accumulation of the carboxy-terminal APP fragment that is created by β-secretase cleavage. Solubilized Asp2 protein cleaves a synthetic APP peptide substrate at the β-secretase site, and the rate of cleavage is increased tenfold by a mutation associated with early-onset Alzheimer's disease in Sweden. Thus, Asp2 is a new protein target for drugs that are designed to block the production of amyloid β-peptide peptide and the consequent formation of amyloid plaque in Alzheimer's disease.