Display omitted •PVA-alginate encapsulated PB-GO hydrogel bead were synthesized.•A fixed-bed column reactor packed with PB-GO hydrogel beads was used for cesium removal.•The effects of the operating parameters on the breakthrough curves were investigated.•The Yoon–Nelson model gave the best fit to the experimental data. A continuous fixed-bed column study was performed using PVA-alginate encapsulated Prussian blue-graphene oxide (PB-GO) hydrogel beads as a novel adsorbent for the removal of cesium from aqueous solutions. The effects of different operating parameters, such as initial cesium concentration, pH, bed height, flow rate, and bead size, were investigated. The maximum adsorption capacity of the PB-GO hydrogel beads was 164.5mg/g at an initial cesium concentration of 5mM, bed height of 20cm, and flow rate of 0.83mL/min at pH 7. The Thomas, Adams–Bohart, and Yoon–Nelson models were applied to the experimental data to predict the breakthrough curves using non-linear regression. Although both the Thomas and Yoon–Nelson models showed good agreement with the experimental data, the Yoon–Nelson model was found to provide the best representation for cesium adsorption on the adsorbent, based on the χ2 analysis.