The treatment of eye disease has also been technology-driven. Since the 1960s, ophthalmology has pioneered the application of medical lasers, including thermal lasers to prevent blindness in diabetes and the use of ultra-short pulsed lasers to shave the cornea and remove the need for spectacles. In 2018, the first autonomous clinical AI system was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, allowing for automated screening of retinal photographs for diabetic retinopathy, and has made its way to grocery stores in the USA. Algorithms, with or without the use of smartphone cameras, are in early-stage development for the diagnosis of glaucoma, certain paediatric eye conditions, congenital cataracts, retinopathy of newborns, and to assess patient suitability for corneal refractive surgery.