Steel ladle refractory lining plays an important role in steelmaking refinement as its thermal properties are strictly related to the ladle ability to keep the molten steel temperature constant. This work developed a transient numerical analysis, considering temperature dependent refractory properties. A holistic view of the process was proposed to help the refractory design of steel ladles, according to their saving energy capability and overall costs. The numerical description of the ladle cycle used the finite element method (FEM) via commercial software (Abaqus). The average heat flux in the hot face while holding the liquid steel determined the steel ladle energy losses and was compared to evaluate the lining efficiency. The investigations considered the application of distinct working refractories and the presence of an insulating layer. The developed thermal and energy balance tool provided a more inclusive and integrated approach for investigating the energy consumption and thermal history of the steel ladle process, regarding the refractory lining design.