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  • White Organic Light-Emittin...
    D'Andrade, B. W.; Forrest, S. R.

    Advanced materials (Weinheim), 09/2004, Letnik: 16, Številka: 18
    Journal Article

    White organic light‐emitting devices (WOLEDs) have advanced over the last twelve years to the extent that these devices are now being considered as efficient solid‐state lighting sources. Initially, WOLEDs were targeted towards display applications for use primarily as liquid‐crystal display backlights. Now, their power efficiencies have surpassed those of incandescent sources due to improvements in device architectures, synthesis of novel materials, and the incorporation of electrophosphorescent emitters. This review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of several WOLED architectures in terms of efficiency and color quality. Hindrances to their widespread acceptance as solid‐state lighting sources are also noted. The efficiency of white organic light‐emitting devices (see Figure) has increased by orders of magnitude in the last twelve years. This review discusses the characterization, architectures, and development of these devices during that period. Photograph courtesy of Toyota Industries Corp.