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Yan, Lin; Sajina, A.; Loiacono, F.; Lagache, G.; Béthermin, M.; Faisst, A.; Ginolfi, M.; Fèvre, O. Le; Gruppioni, C.; Capak, P. L.; Cassata, P.; Schaerer, D.; Silverman, J. D.; Bardelli, S.; Dessauges-Zavadsky, M.; Cimatti, A.; Hathi, N. P.; Lemaux, B. C.; Ibar, E.; Jones, G. C.; Koekemoer, Anton M.; Oesch, P. A.; Talia, M.; Pozzi, F.; Riechers, D. A.; Tasca, L. A. M.; Toft, Sune; Vallini, L.; Vergani, D.; Zamorani, G.; Zucca, E.
Astrophysical journal/The Astrophysical journal, 12/2020, Letnik: 905, Številka: 2Journal Article
Abstract We present the C II 158 μ m line luminosity functions (LFs) at z ∼ 4–6 using the ALMA observations of 118 sources, which are selected to have UV luminosity M 1500Å < −20.2 and optical spectroscopic redshifts in COSMOS and ECDF-S. Of the 118 targets, 75 have significant C II detections and 43 are upper limits. This is by far the largest sample of C II detections, which allows us to set constraints on the volume density of C II emitters at z ∼ 4–6. But because this is a UV-selected sample, we are missing C II-bright but UV-faint sources, making our constraints strict lower limits. Our derived LFs are statistically consistent with the z ∼ 0 C II LF at 10 8.25 –10 9.75 L ⊙ . We compare our results with the upper limits of the C II LF derived from serendipitous sources in the ALPINE maps. We also infer the C II LFs based on published far-IR and CO LFs at z ∼ 4–6. Combining our robust lower limits with these additional estimates, we set further constraints on the true number density of C II emitters at z ∼ 4–6. These additional LF estimates are largely above our LF at L CII > 10 9 L ⊙ , suggesting that UV-faint but C II-bright sources likely make significant contributions to the C II emitter volume density. When we include all the LF estimates, we find that available model predictions underestimate the number densities of C II emitters at z ∼ 4–6. Finally, we set a constraint on the molecular gas mass density at z ∼ 4–6, with ρ mol ∼ (2–7) × 10 7 M ⊙ Mpc −3 . This is broadly consistent with previous studies.
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