A study of the effects of a cavitation bubble on a thin elastic membrane is presented. A cavitation bubble was produced by focusing a high-energy laser beam near an elastic membrane submerged in water, which corresponds to conditions often encountered in ophthalmology. The bubble effects on the membrane were studied as a function of distance between the bubble and membrane and laser pulse energy. Recordings of bubble dynamics with an ultra-high-speed camera were performed on both sides of the membrane, providing better insight into the mechanisms of membrane rupture. Observations have revealed distinct bubble behavior regimes with respect to coefficient γ. Cavitation bubbles centered on the membrane produce less damage than bubbles shifted slightly away. Significant damages were observed at intermediate distances between the bubble and membrane after bubble collapse, while weaker interactions were recorded at larger distances with less or no damaging effect to the membrane. •Observation of bubble dynamics near an elastic membrane with a high-speed camera.•Membrane rupturing caused by a laser-induced bubble.•Observation of different regimes of bubble behavior with respect to parameter γ.•Comparison of bubble effects at different laser pulse energies and values of γ.