The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the impact of a traumatic dental injury (TDI) of permanent teeth in children and adolescents on their oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) as well as on their families. A bibliographic search in the biomedical databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE) was limited to studies published between January 2000 and February 2021. The study selection criteria were cross-sectional, case control, or prospective clinical studies, which analyzed TDI before and after the treatment of permanent teeth in healthy children and adolescent, assessed their OHRQoL, and were written in English. The search found 25 eligible articles that were included in the study. The quality assessment of the studies was performed using the quality assessment checklist for survey studies in psychology (Q-SSP). The results indicated that a TDI of permanent teeth strongly influences the OHRQoL of children and adolescents, and the timely-performed dental management of a TDI allows for preventing further biological and socio-psychological impacts. Sociodemographic status, economic status, parent's education, gender, age group, and type of schooling were determinants of the TDI impact on OHRQoL.