A number of mutations in the gene encoding the ribosomal protein uS10 have been found to be associated with a predisposition to hereditary non-polyposis colorectal carcinoma (CRC). We transfected HEK293T cells with constructs carrying the uS10 minigene with mutations identical to those mentioned above and examined the effects of the produced proteins on the cellular transcriptome. We showed that uS10 with mutations p.V50SfsX23 or p.L61EfsX11 cannot be incorporated into 40S ribosomal subunits, while the protein with the missense mutation p.V54L functionally replaces the respective endogenous protein in the 40S subunit assembly and the translation process. The comparison of RNA-seq data obtained from cells producing aberrant forms of uS10 with data for those producing the wild-type protein revealed overlapping sets of upregulated and downregulated differently expressed genes (DEGs) related to several pathways. Among the limited number of upregulated DEGs, there were genes directly associated with the progression of CRC, e.g., and . Our findings indicate that the accumulation of the mutant forms of uS10 triggers a cascade of cellular events, similar to that which is triggered when the cell responds to a large number of erroneous proteins, suggesting that this may increase the risk of cancer.